week 1 contd

Question 1

what is a dowager hump associated w/ and why

Answer 1

vertebral compression, osteoporosis

Question 2

two most common fractures due to osteoporosis

Answer 2

vertebral compression and femoral neck

Question 3

what is the prob w/ a femoral neck fracture

Answer 3

possible pulmonary emboli

Question 4

osteoporosis is commonly tx w/ estrogen….what are the downsides

Answer 4

DVT, endometrial ca, breast ca

Question 5

how to prevent osteoporosis

Answer 5

physical activity: especially before age 30
dietary ca and vit d
bisphosphonates (gross): slow down osteoclast activity

Question 6

how to measure osteoporosis?

Answer 6

FRAX

Question 7

what disease has excessive but weak bone

Answer 7

pagets

Question 8

what kind of bone is disorganized in pagets

Answer 8

lamellar

Question 9

how to check to see if someone has pagets

Answer 9

check for elevated alk phos (byprod of osteoblast activity)

Question 10

what causes pagets

Answer 10

idiopathic: possibly paramyxoviridae

Question 11

what is the most common symptom of pagets

Answer 11

usually asymptomatic, usually x ray finding-> mc bone pain

Question 12

pagets has a __% chance of turning into which type of Ca

Answer 12

1, sarcoma

Question 13

where is pagets typically found?

Answer 13

pelvis, sacrum, and skull

Question 14

which is a typical issue w/ pagets

Answer 14

chalkstick fracture

Question 15

what two diseases are characteristic of chalkstick fractures

Answer 15

pagets and osteopetrosis

Question 16

who is most likely to get pagets

Answer 16

old men

Question 17

how to tx pagets?

Answer 17

bisphosphonates

Question 18

what is characteristic about pagets

Answer 18

ivory vertebra

Question 19

what 3 diseases can have ivory vertebra

Answer 19

pagets, metastatic ca (prostate), and lymphoma

Question 20

hypocalcemia produces….

Answer 20

PTH inc. demineralize bone

Question 21

two types of vit d def

Answer 21

rickets: kids - more severe form
osteomalacia: adults - associated w/ hyperparathyoidism

Question 22

in hypoparathyroidism what happens to osteoclast activity

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

hyperparathyoidism resorbs what bone

Answer 23

cortical and trabelcular

Question 24

what is the difference between compound and comminuted fractures?

Answer 24

compound: skin is ruptured
comminuted: fragmented bone

Question 25

what type of fracture develops slowly overtime?

Answer 25

stress

Question 26

how many weeks does it take for endochondral ossificiation

Answer 26

6-8 wks

Question 27

what is nonuion in delayed fractures

Answer 27

there is a large callus formation

Question 28

what can cause delayed healing

Answer 28

lack of immobilization

Question 29

when does infection MC occur in fractures?

Answer 29

compound

Question 30

what deficiencies delay fracture healing

Answer 30

ca, phospherous, and vit d

Question 31

most common cause of avascular necrosis

Answer 31

vascular disruption via fracture

Question 32

what are browns tumors associated w/

Answer 32

hyperparathyroidism

Question 33

what are other causes of avascular necrosis

Answer 33

corticosteroids and idiopathic

Question 34

what is bone marrow inflammation called

Answer 34

osteomyelitis

Question 35

is osteomyelitis acute or chronic MC

Answer 35

acute

Question 36

what is the most common mode of infection for osteomyelitis

Answer 36

hematogenous

Question 37

osteomyelitis will have what kinds of symptoms

Answer 37

fever and throbbing pain

Question 38

which disease will have a salt and pepper skull?

Answer 38

hyperparathyroidism

Question 39

list the 3 areas of osteomyelitis

Answer 39

involucrum: lamellar, surrounds infected
sequestrum: dead bone at site of infection
draining sinus: abscess in surrounding soft tissue

Question 40

caseous granulomas and bony destruction with severe deformation is

Answer 40

tuberculous osteomyelitis

Question 41

most common symptom of a bone tumor… followed by

Answer 41

gradually increasing bone pain

then anemia