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path two > hemorrhages, trauma, and malformations > Flashcards

hemorrhages, trauma, and malformations Flashcards

1
Q

what does it mean to be a spontaneous 1* parenchymal hemorrhage

A

non-traumatic

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2
Q

in spontneous 1* parenchymal hemorrhages what usually happens

A

microbleed

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3
Q

avg age of spont. parenchymal hemorrhage

A

60 yrs old

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4
Q

MC cause of parenchymal hemorrhage

A

HTN

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5
Q

spontaneous parenchymal hemorrhages can be silent or large t or f

A

t

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6
Q

what type of headache is “the worst headache i’ve ever had”

A

subarachnoid

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7
Q

MC cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

ruptured saccular aneurysm: tunica media defect

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8
Q

what do you call the connection between a large artery and large vein

A

fistula

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9
Q

who is most likely to have arteriovenous malformation

A

males 10-30

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10
Q

what are the risks for arteriorvenous malformation

A

hemorrages and seizures

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11
Q

hypertension does what to the vessel

A

weakens the vessel walls

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12
Q

what is a lacunar infarct

A

single artery occlusion: empty space made by occulsion

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13
Q

what is it called when ruptured cerebral vessel reabsorbed and cavity remains

A

slit hemorrhage

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14
Q

what is systematic autoimmune vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis in small cerebral arteries and heart

A

polyarteritis nodosa

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15
Q

where does primary angitis in the CNS usually occur

A

parenchymal and subarachnoid vessels

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16
Q

who is most likely to have vasculitis

A

males

17
Q

what is the MC symptom of primary angitis of the cns

A

diffuse encephalopathy

18
Q

CNS trauma damages

A

parenchyma and cerebral vessels

19
Q

what to assess when ppl have CNS trauma?

A

airway, breathing, circulation, and disability

20
Q

what is a contusion

A

rapid displacement vessel disruption

21
Q

coup vs. contrecoup

A

coup: impact site

22
Q

what is tearing of cerebral parenchyma, vascular disruption, and hemorrhage

A

laceration

23
Q

diffuse axonal injury

A

movement of 1 brain region relative to another region

24
Q

what happens in diffuse axonal injury

A

angular acceleration, generalized axonal swelling

25
Q

reversible altered consciousness from head injury in the absence of contusion

A

concussion

26
Q

what do CT scans show for concussions

A

nothing, looking for possible hemorrhage

27
Q

what do they do for ppl w/ concussion

A

evaluation of cognition and cannot play anymore

28
Q

difference between epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma vessels

A

epi: art
sub: veins

29
Q

epidural hematoma MC involves which vessel

A

middle meningeal artery

30
Q

how long does it take for epidural hematoma to be an issue

A

can be lethal w/in hrs

31
Q

two types of traumatic parenchymal injury

A

contusion, laceration, and diffuse axonal injury

32
Q

what is the cause of 50% of post traumatic comas

A

generalized axonal swelling in diffuse axonal injury

33
Q

name the 4 types of neural tube defects

A

spinal bifida occulta: bony defect: asymptomatic

myelomeningocele: cns moves through vertebral defect
anencephal: absence of rostral aspect of brain
encephalocele: CNS diverticulum through cranium

34
Q

main cause of neural tube defect

A

folate deficiency

35
Q

name the 3 ways of malformations

A
  1. neural tube defect
  2. spinal cord abnormatilies
  3. perinatal brain injury
36
Q

what is a neural tube defect

A

neural tube fails to close

37
Q

two types of spinal cord abnormalities

A

hydromyelia: cavity that fills w/ CNS
syringomyelia: cyst w/in cord

38
Q

form of perinatal brain injury that is non-progressive defects in motor neurons an ddecrease cognition

A

cerebral palsy

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