hemorrhages, trauma, and malformations Flashcards
what does it mean to be a spontaneous 1* parenchymal hemorrhage
non-traumatic
in spontneous 1* parenchymal hemorrhages what usually happens
microbleed
avg age of spont. parenchymal hemorrhage
60 yrs old
MC cause of parenchymal hemorrhage
HTN
spontaneous parenchymal hemorrhages can be silent or large t or f
t
what type of headache is “the worst headache i’ve ever had”
subarachnoid
MC cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage
ruptured saccular aneurysm: tunica media defect
what do you call the connection between a large artery and large vein
fistula
who is most likely to have arteriovenous malformation
males 10-30
what are the risks for arteriorvenous malformation
hemorrages and seizures
hypertension does what to the vessel
weakens the vessel walls
what is a lacunar infarct
single artery occlusion: empty space made by occulsion
what is it called when ruptured cerebral vessel reabsorbed and cavity remains
slit hemorrhage
what is systematic autoimmune vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis in small cerebral arteries and heart
polyarteritis nodosa
where does primary angitis in the CNS usually occur
parenchymal and subarachnoid vessels
who is most likely to have vasculitis
males
what is the MC symptom of primary angitis of the cns
diffuse encephalopathy
CNS trauma damages
parenchyma and cerebral vessels
what to assess when ppl have CNS trauma?
airway, breathing, circulation, and disability
what is a contusion
rapid displacement vessel disruption
coup vs. contrecoup
coup: impact site
what is tearing of cerebral parenchyma, vascular disruption, and hemorrhage
laceration
diffuse axonal injury
movement of 1 brain region relative to another region
what happens in diffuse axonal injury
angular acceleration, generalized axonal swelling
reversible altered consciousness from head injury in the absence of contusion
concussion
what do CT scans show for concussions
nothing, looking for possible hemorrhage
what do they do for ppl w/ concussion
evaluation of cognition and cannot play anymore
difference between epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma vessels
epi: art
sub: veins
epidural hematoma MC involves which vessel
middle meningeal artery
how long does it take for epidural hematoma to be an issue
can be lethal w/in hrs
two types of traumatic parenchymal injury
contusion, laceration, and diffuse axonal injury
what is the cause of 50% of post traumatic comas
generalized axonal swelling in diffuse axonal injury
name the 4 types of neural tube defects
spinal bifida occulta: bony defect: asymptomatic
myelomeningocele: cns moves through vertebral defect
anencephal: absence of rostral aspect of brain
encephalocele: CNS diverticulum through cranium
main cause of neural tube defect
folate deficiency
name the 3 ways of malformations
- neural tube defect
- spinal cord abnormatilies
- perinatal brain injury
what is a neural tube defect
neural tube fails to close
two types of spinal cord abnormalities
hydromyelia: cavity that fills w/ CNS
syringomyelia: cyst w/in cord
form of perinatal brain injury that is non-progressive defects in motor neurons an ddecrease cognition
cerebral palsy
