blood vessels Flashcards
2 ways to have vascular disease
- narrowing/obstruction of lumen
- –atherosclerosis: gradual - weakening of vessel wall
- –dilation: aneurysm
- –rupture: dissection
t or f vascular structure was similar throughout cardiovascular system
t
3 layers of vascular structure
tunica intima ----internal elastic lamina tunica media -----external elastic lamina tunica adventitia
vascular supply to vascular wall
interior: diffusion of blood from lumen: intima and inner portion of media
exterior: vasa vasorum : outer media and adventitia
which vessels are used to spread disease
all
purpose of endothelial cells
creates non-thrombogenic surface
trauma upsets->endothelial activation: pro inflammatory
what is a dilation of cerebral vessel that when rupture cause subdural hemorrage
berry aneurysm
name 3 congenital anomalies
- berry aneurysm
- ateriorveous fistula artery and venous attach (bypass capillaries)
- fibromuscular dysplasia: local thickening of medium/large artery walls -> ischemia
how is vascular tone and blood volume controlled by the kidneys
sodium w/ the renin-angiotensin system
when BP increases and stretches the heart what is released
Atrial Naturetic Peptide
BP decreases … how does body solve
renin-angiotensin system
- —sodium resorption
- — vasoconstriction
what is HTN and what does it damage
> 140/90 , damages vessels and end organ
what % of HTN is idiopathic
95
t or f decreasing BP decreases risk of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, but not stroke
f. stroke is included
what has >200/120 and is lethal w/ in 2 yrs, what is the big cause
malignant htn, renal failure and retinal hemorrhage
what is the problem of how vascular walls respond to injury
last stage: irreversible intimial thickening causes vessel stenosis (ischemia eventually)
what is called the silent killer
HTN
what is “hardening of small arteries”
arteriosclerosis.
what are the 2 types of arteriosclerosis which is benign vs severe HTN
hyaline (benign) and hyperplastic (onion skin)
what is Ca sclerosis that is not clinically significant
monckenberg medial sclerosis
MC type of ateriosclerosis
atherosclerosis (atheroma, plaque)
what % of arteriorsclerosis is atherosclerosis
99%
what are foam cells
fat laden macrophage
t or f atheromas protrude into the lumen… consisting of macrophages, foam cells, and fibrous caps but do not cause inflammation
f. does cause inflammation
