brain injuries and swelling Flashcards
depending on where the cns is damaged there are typical patterns that we usually see as symptoms…what is this called
selective variability
2 patterns of neuronal injury
- reversible: swelling and displacement of nissi substance
2. irreversible: typically show “red neurons”, spheroid= axonal swelling
when astrocytes are damaged what sprouts
gemistocytic astrocytes
what happens to oligodendrocytes when damaged
nucleus enlarges
what is myelin prod of cns, pns
oligoden, schwann
what is the phagocyte of cns
microglia
what lines the ventricles and spinal cord
ependymal cells
associate these words with the disease
- negri body
- owls eye
- b amyloid plaques
- parkinsons
- lypofusin
rabies cmv alzheimers lewy bodies aging, lipid accumulation
2 mechanisms of cranial edema
- vasogenic: bbb disruption
2. cytoxic: neuronal/microglia membrane injury
characteristics of brain w/ edema
flattened gyri
narrowed sulci
ventricular compression
what is MC cause of hydrocephalus
disturbed flow/resorption, can be communicating or noncommunicating
age range for cranial enlargement with hydrocephalus
< 2
MC tx for hydrocephalus
shunting
what is it called when hydrocephaly is due to neurodegeneration not inc. in CSF
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
where does brain herniation occur
across dura or through foramen magnum
3 types of brain herniation and what happens
- subfalcine: displaced cingulate gyrus under falx cerebri
- transtentorial: displaced temporal lobe under anterior tentorium
- tonsillar: displaced cerebellar tonsils through FM
name for tonsillar brain herniation
arnold-chiari malformations
- in adults
- more sever: infants
3 mechanisms for cerebrovascular disease
- thrombotic occlusion
- embolic occlusoin
- vascular rupture
what do you call a mini stroke
TIA: transient ischemic attack
ischemia of cns causes what type of necrosis
liquefactive
fxnal hypoxia vs. ischemia
partial o2 pressure and availability, occulusion: TIA
waht has widespead ischemic-hypoxic injury, neuronal death, edema, red neurons, gliosis, neurological impairment, and coma or death?
global cerebral ischemia
what limits injury in focal cerebral ischemia
collateral flow
what has minimal collateral blood flow
deep tissues
is an emboli focal or global ischmia
focal
3 causes of focal cerbral ischemia
collateral flow
emboli
thrombi: atherosclerotic plaques
