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haematology > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

life span of a red blood cell?

A

120 days

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2
Q

mitochondira?

A

no

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3
Q

do they contain DNA?

A

no

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4
Q

how are rbcs removed from circulation?

A

phagocytic cells of liver and spleen engulf them

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5
Q

formed from ?

A

pluripotent stem cells

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6
Q

ahem broken down into?

A

bilirubin(which colours urine and faeces)

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7
Q

what released by kidney into ciculation which stimulates erythropoesis?

A

EPO

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8
Q

what keeps iron in fe2+ state?

A

NADH from glycolysis

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9
Q

glubuar haemoglobin broken down into?

A

amino acids which enter the blood stream

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10
Q

what does iron bind to in the blood before it is recycled?

A

transferrin

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11
Q

biconcave disk - 8um diameter, 2um thick at edge, 1um thick in centre

A

plasme = 55% of whole blood

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12
Q

buffy coat consists of?

A

platelets and white blood cells

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13
Q

male 4.5-6.5 x10 12/litre blood

female 3.8-5.8

A

rbc ion balance and cell volume are actively regulated by energy dependant naKATPases (the sodium pump)

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14
Q

rbcs have no mitochondria, therefore anaerobic glycolysis is the only route for ATP synthesis

A

y

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15
Q

what keeps iron in the fe2+ state?

A

NADH from glycolysis

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16
Q

what is HbFe3+?

A

metaemoglobin - it can’t bind 02

17
Q

some glucose is metabolised through the hexose monophosphate shunt

A

this produces NADPH, which is required for the maintenance of adequate levels reduced gltathione

18
Q

when is 2,3 bpg produced?

A

when po2 is reduced, 23 bp releases oxygen from Hb

19
Q

3 peptides in glutathione?

A

glutamate, cysteine and glycine

20
Q

what are free radical?

A

highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons

21
Q

excessive free radicals or lack of anti oxidants lead to?

A

damage of cellular structures and ennzymes

22
Q

glutathione helps protect against toxic effects of reactive oxygen species

A

reduced glutathione is essential to detoxify hydrogen peroxide

23
Q

what is needed from the pentose phosphate pathway to produce reduced glutathione?

A

NADPH

24
Q

enzyme that catalyses hydrogen peroxide into 2 water?

A

glutathione peroxidase

25
Q

3 ways c02 is transported to the lungs?

A

dissolved in plasma (10%), bound to hb as cardamon haemoglobin (30) and as bicarbonate ion 30%

26
Q

facilitated by?

A

carbonic anhydrase

27
Q

how does bicarbonate enter lung cell?

A

chloride bicarbonate exchange by facilitated diffusion

28
Q

what is H+ buffered by?

A

deoxygenated Hb (forms HHb)

29
Q

HC)3 imported, cell shrinks, cl enters cell swells

A

reaction is driven backwards to blow off CO2

30
Q

4 globin molecules, 4 haem groups, 4 fe ions

A

ahem group = porphyrin ring

31
Q

fetal - a2y2

A

adult a2b2

32
Q

normal haemoglobin concentrations? (male and female?)

A

male 130-180

female 115-165

haematology (20 decks)

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