random Flashcards
renal anaemia is an anaemia of chronic disease. Production of what goes down in most cases of renal failure?
EPO
Which anaemia - a multifactorial pathophysiology with inflammation as a central process ?
anaemia of chronic disease
what does supra vital stain stain?
rbosomal RNA (reticulocytes)
blue golf ball appearance
beta tetramers in HbH disease
how many functioning alpha genes in HbH disease?
1
spheric red cells which are destroyed in the spleen causing splenomegaly? which disease?
hereditary spherocytosis
macrocytosis without anaemia?
LAHM - liver cirrhosis, alcohol, hypothyroid, malignancy
causes of megaloblastic anaemia?
folate and b12
how long is b12 stored in body?
2-4 years, much more likely to be folate deficient
when do you get oxidative stress and heinz bodies?
g6pd deficiency
what are dietary floats converted into?
monoglutamate
in a transfusion reaction, what antibodies are involved in immediate and delayed reaction, and where do these reactions occur?
MG
Mimmediate IgM - intravascular
IgGextravascular
when do you get normocytic anaemia?
in chronic disease
what binds free haemoglobin?
haptoglobin
Inflammatory stimuli can activate monocytes and t cells. what can this inhibit which can cause anaemia?
EPO release and erythroid proliferation
what is anaemia of chronic disease driven by?
inflammatory cytokines induced by infection/malignancy
most chronic anaemias are primarily result of ?
impaired red cell production
difference in MCV between iron deficient anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease?
small in iron d, normal in chronic disease
ferritin in iron def anaemia and chronic disease?
reduced in iron deficient, normal or increased in chronic disease
Hodgkins lymphoma. characterised histologically by presence of?
multinucleated giant cells
young man with enlarged, asymptomatic lymph node, typically in lower neck/supraclavicular region?
hodgkins lymphoma
In hodkins lymphoma, why do you get chest discomfort with cough or dyspnoea?
mediastinal masses are frequent
symptoms of hodgkins lymphoma
fever, night sweats, weight loss. Alcohol induced pain at sites of nodal disease is uncommon, but is specific for hodgkins lymphoma.
presence of which cell characterises bodkins lymphoma?
reed sternberg cell (reed alcohol)