random

Question 1

renal anaemia is an anaemia of chronic disease. Production of what goes down in most cases of renal failure?

Answer 1

EPO

Question 2

Which anaemia - a multifactorial pathophysiology with inflammation as a central process ?

Answer 2

anaemia of chronic disease

Question 3

what does supra vital stain stain?

Answer 3

rbosomal RNA (reticulocytes)

Question 4

blue golf ball appearance

Answer 4

beta tetramers in HbH disease

Question 5

how many functioning alpha genes in HbH disease?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

spheric red cells which are destroyed in the spleen causing splenomegaly? which disease?

Answer 6

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 7

macrocytosis without anaemia?

Answer 7

LAHM - liver cirrhosis, alcohol, hypothyroid, malignancy

Question 8

causes of megaloblastic anaemia?

Answer 8

folate and b12

Question 9

how long is b12 stored in body?

Answer 9

2-4 years, much more likely to be folate deficient

Question 10

when do you get oxidative stress and heinz bodies?

Answer 10

g6pd deficiency

Question 11

what are dietary floats converted into?

Answer 11

monoglutamate

Question 12

in a transfusion reaction, what antibodies are involved in immediate and delayed reaction, and where do these reactions occur?

Answer 12

MG
Mimmediate IgM - intravascular
IgGextravascular

Question 13

when do you get normocytic anaemia?

Answer 13

in chronic disease

Question 14

what binds free haemoglobin?

Answer 14

haptoglobin

Question 15

Inflammatory stimuli can activate monocytes and t cells. what can this inhibit which can cause anaemia?

Answer 15

EPO release and erythroid proliferation

Question 16

what is anaemia of chronic disease driven by?

Answer 16

inflammatory cytokines induced by infection/malignancy

Question 17

most chronic anaemias are primarily result of ?

Answer 17

impaired red cell production

Question 18

difference in MCV between iron deficient anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease?

Answer 18

small in iron d, normal in chronic disease

Question 19

ferritin in iron def anaemia and chronic disease?

Answer 19

reduced in iron deficient, normal or increased in chronic disease

Question 20

Hodgkins lymphoma. characterised histologically by presence of?

Answer 20

multinucleated giant cells

Question 21

young man with enlarged, asymptomatic lymph node, typically in lower neck/supraclavicular region?

Answer 21

hodgkins lymphoma

Question 22

In hodkins lymphoma, why do you get chest discomfort with cough or dyspnoea?

Answer 22

mediastinal masses are frequent

Question 23

symptoms of hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 23

fever, night sweats, weight loss. Alcohol induced pain at sites of nodal disease is uncommon, but is specific for hodgkins lymphoma.

Question 24

presence of which cell characterises bodkins lymphoma?

Answer 24

reed sternberg cell (reed alcohol)

Question 25

58 year old man has been admitted to the general medical ward with abdominal pain and fluctuating consciousness. On examination he has shifting dullness and is scleral icterus. A social history has been taken and he has been started on a reducing regime of chlordiazepoxide. Blood tests have been undertaken, which show: Hb 92 g/l (normal 135-180), MCV 130fl (80-102fl), platelet count 145 (140-450). What is the most likely cause for this patient’s anaemia?

Answer 25

Chronic alcohol use

chlordiazepoxide is a bento used for withdrawls

Question 26

Haemophilia A is associated with deficiency in which factor?

Answer 26

8

Question 27

A 22 year old female has presented with persistent fatigue. She is frustrated as her GP ‘keeps putting this down to depression’. She has not lost any weight and has not had any feverish symptoms. She remembers having a sore throat that wouldn’t go away a few months ago, but nothing since. On examination, you note cervical lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly. Her full blood count comes back as: Hb 120g/l (normal 115-165g/l), WCC 6.0 (normal 3.9-5.6), platelet count 310 (normal 140-450). What is the most appropriate next investigation to undertake?

Answer 27

infective mononucleosis

Question 28

what is the test for infective mononucleosis?

Answer 28

monospot test

Question 29

which protein is found in electrophoresis of urine in multiple myeloma?

Answer 29

bence jones

Question 30

young girl, with symmetrical, macular rash, usually on buttocks or legs with abdominal pain?

Answer 30

henoch sconlein purpura

Question 31

A 7 year old girl has presented with petechiae on her knees and shins and frequent nosebleeds. She had a viral infection 2 weeks ago from which she apparently recovered. She appears clinically well in herself, with no temperatures. She has no joint pain. PT, APTT, vW factor, factor VIII and factor IX are all normal. Her platelets are 100 (140-450). What is the most likely cause of these findings?

Answer 31

low platelets and patechiae

–> idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura