Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cb > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system

A

Designed to allow easy efficient gas exchange (uptake of oxygen and release of co2).
Other functions- metabolic functions such as production of surfactant IGA acting as a blood reservoir, phonation and regulation of acid and base balance by co2 removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

A

Designed to efficiently deliver oxygen to the tissues and remove waste products of metabolism. Blood flow and delivery of oxygen matches the metabolic needs at any particular time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organ systems are arranged in parallel or series

A

Parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are pulmonary and systemic cardiovascular systems arranged in series or parallel

A

Series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is diffusion a result of

A

The movement of molecules due to their thermal motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is rate of diffusion directly proportional to

A

Concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Molecules move down their concentration gradient through carrier protein/ion channel
Electrochemical equilibrium consists of chemical driving force and electrical driving force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

As the concentration gradient increases what should happen to the net flux

A

The net flux should increase as the concentration gradient increases
At a high permeability the graph should be steeper
Graph of concentration gradient and net flux
Y axis net flux
X axis concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Molecules move down their concentration gradient through carrier protein ion channel
Electrochemical equilibrium consists of chemical driving force and electrical driving force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The magnitude of driving force affects the rate of diffusion what are other factors

A

Membrane surface
Membrane permeability affected by temperature thickness size shape of diffusion substance and lipid solubility of the diffusing substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a channel protein

A

Forms a pathway through the membrane, ion channels are highly selective and quick but they cannot be used to perform active transport. Most channels are gated (voltage/ligand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a carrier protein

A

Picks up the substance and deposits them on the other side the substance binds to the protein causing a conformational change resulting in deposition of the substance on the other side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what three types of transporters can channel proteins be

A

Uniporters (example glucose uniporter)
A symporter na+/ glucose symporter
Antiporter band 3 protein for hco3/cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give an example of a uniporter

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give an example of a symporter

A

Na+ glucose symporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give an example of an antiporter

A

Hco32-/cl band 3 protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can block na+/k+ ATP are pump

A

Ouabain

18
Q

Why is the na+/k+ pump important

A

Maintains osmotic balance and cell volume

19
Q

What happens in the na/ka pump is blocked for example by ouabain

A

There tends to be an influx of sodium and out flux of potassium. Due to the sodium ions entering, water enters the cell and causes it to burst

20
Q

What is active transport

A

Can be primary which means it uses ATP
Or secondary uses the energy from the electrochemical gradient or concentration gradient created by primary active transport

21
Q

What is primary active transport

A

Uses ATP

22
Q

What is secondary active transport

A

Uses energy from electrochemical gradient created by primary active transport

23
Q

What is the intracellular concentration of sodium

A

20mM

24
Q

What is the extra cellular concentration of sodium

A

145 mM

25
Q

What woukd be the movement due to concentration gradient alone of sodium ions

A

Into the cell

26
Q

What is the intradellular concentration of potassium

A

150mM

27
Q

What is the extra cellular concentration of potassium

A

4mM

28
Q

What is the intracellular concentration of chloride ions

A

6mM

29
Q

What is the extra cellular concentration of chloride ions

A

125mM

30
Q

What is the movement due to concentration gradient alone of chloride ions

A

Into the cell

31
Q

What is the movement due to concentration gradient alone of potassium ions

A

Out of the cell

32
Q

What is the movement due to voltage difference between inside and outsides of potassium ions

A

Inside the cell

33
Q

What is the movement due to voltage difference between inside and oitside sodium ions

A

Into the cell

34
Q

What is the movement due to voltage difference between inside and outside of chloride ions

A

Out of the cell

35
Q

In a sodium potassium pump, what causes an efflux of potassium out of the cell

A

Slight depolarisation by entry of sodium causes efflux of potassium out of the cell. A new membrane potential is reached where outward potassium movement balances inward sodium movement

36
Q

What ions contribute to resting potential the most

A

Potassium ions contribute to most of resting potential, sodium ions have a tendency to move into the cell but have a low permeability at resting state

37
Q

Why do sodium and potassium movemrnt from the na+ / k+ not change the membrane potential

A

The sodium and potassium movement do not change membrane potential, there is a change in concentration gradients of the two ions across the membrane. The passive flux of these ions is balanced by active pumping of the ions by the na+ k+ atp ase pump

38
Q

Definition of equilibrium potential

A

The potential needed to prevent ions from moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane.

39
Q

What is the nernst equation used for

A

To determine the equilibrium potential for each particular ion
E=RT/Zf x ln[ion]o/[ion]i

40
Q
A

cb (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions