Week 1 Flashcards
What is the function of the respiratory system
Designed to allow easy efficient gas exchange (uptake of oxygen and release of co2).
Other functions- metabolic functions such as production of surfactant IGA acting as a blood reservoir, phonation and regulation of acid and base balance by co2 removal
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
Designed to efficiently deliver oxygen to the tissues and remove waste products of metabolism. Blood flow and delivery of oxygen matches the metabolic needs at any particular time
Organ systems are arranged in parallel or series
Parallel
Are pulmonary and systemic cardiovascular systems arranged in series or parallel
Series
What is diffusion a result of
The movement of molecules due to their thermal motion
What is rate of diffusion directly proportional to
Concentration gradient
What is facilitated diffusion
Molecules move down their concentration gradient through carrier protein/ion channel
Electrochemical equilibrium consists of chemical driving force and electrical driving force
As the concentration gradient increases what should happen to the net flux
The net flux should increase as the concentration gradient increases
At a high permeability the graph should be steeper
Graph of concentration gradient and net flux
Y axis net flux
X axis concentration gradient
What is facilitated diffusion
Molecules move down their concentration gradient through carrier protein ion channel
Electrochemical equilibrium consists of chemical driving force and electrical driving force
The magnitude of driving force affects the rate of diffusion what are other factors
Membrane surface
Membrane permeability affected by temperature thickness size shape of diffusion substance and lipid solubility of the diffusing substance
What is a channel protein
Forms a pathway through the membrane, ion channels are highly selective and quick but they cannot be used to perform active transport. Most channels are gated (voltage/ligand)
What is a carrier protein
Picks up the substance and deposits them on the other side the substance binds to the protein causing a conformational change resulting in deposition of the substance on the other side
what three types of transporters can channel proteins be
Uniporters (example glucose uniporter)
A symporter na+/ glucose symporter
Antiporter band 3 protein for hco3/cl
Give an example of a uniporter
Glucose
Give an example of a symporter
Na+ glucose symporter
Give an example of an antiporter
Hco32-/cl band 3 protein.
What can block na+/k+ ATP are pump
Ouabain
Why is the na+/k+ pump important
Maintains osmotic balance and cell volume
What happens in the na/ka pump is blocked for example by ouabain
There tends to be an influx of sodium and out flux of potassium. Due to the sodium ions entering, water enters the cell and causes it to burst
What is active transport
Can be primary which means it uses ATP
Or secondary uses the energy from the electrochemical gradient or concentration gradient created by primary active transport
What is primary active transport
Uses ATP
What is secondary active transport
Uses energy from electrochemical gradient created by primary active transport
What is the intracellular concentration of sodium
20mM
What is the extra cellular concentration of sodium
145 mM
