Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mbbs year 1 module 3 circulation and breathing > microcirculation > Flashcards

microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the arteriole at the end of arteriovenous anastomoses called

A

terminal arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

after terminal arteriole what is the arteriole that follows

A

metarteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what come off of metaarterioles

A

true capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many true capillary per capillary bed

A

10-100 true capillaries per capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the structure after true capillaries after gaseous exchange

A

thorough fare channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the distance between meta arteriole and thorough fare channel

A

vascular shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what drains thorough fare channel

A

post capillary venule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the smooth muscle rings that covers the true capillaries

A

sphincter- controls blood flow to true capillaries to take it to the tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do the sphincters on the true capillaries do

A

control blood flow to true capillaries to take it to the tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the sphincters on the true capillaries called

A

pre capillary sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the pre capillary sphincter

A

a ring of smooth muscle tissue if it constricts, no blood can come out to the capillaries, if it dilates blood can be delivered to the true capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the pre capillary sphincters controlled by

A

sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many litres is the intracellular fluid

A

28 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many litres in the intersitial fluid

A

10.4 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many litres in the transcellular fluid

A

0.8 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many litres are in the plasma fluid

A

2.8 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what two components is blood made from

A

cells and plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does hpc mean

A

hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries. pressure designed to push fluid out of capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the usual hydrostatic pressure in the capillary at the arteriole end of the vascular shunt

A

35 mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

if the systolic pressure drops what happens to the hpc

A

also decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

the pressure exerted by albumin and plasma proteins to pull water into the bloodstream

22
Q

what is the standard osmotic capillary pressure

A

25-26mmhg

23
Q

what is the standard hp if hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid

A

0mmhg

24
Q

what does the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid do

A

pushes the if into capillary bed but ususlly 0 so no change

25
Q

what is standard osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid

A

1mmhg as usually has some solutes

26
Q

what does osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid do

A

pull fluid from capillary bed into interstitial space

27
Q

what does the hydrostatic pressure of the capillary drop to at the venous end

A

17mmhg

28
Q

what happens to the osmotic pressure of the capillary at the venous end

A

it is retained remains 25-26mmhg unless albumin is lost

29
Q

what happens to the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid at the venule end

A

remains 0mmhg

30
Q

how is net filtration pressure of arteriole end calculated

A

(35mmhg+1mmhg)-(25+0)=11mhg
out - in
(hydrostatic pressure of capillary+osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid) -(osmotic pressure of capillary+hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid)
net flow out

31
Q

how is net filtration pressure of the venule end carried out

A

(17mmhg+ 1) - (25+0)
hydrostatic pressure at the venule end of the capillary+ osmotic pressure of intersitial fluid) - (osmotic pressure at venule endof capillary+ hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid)
-7 mmhg
net flow in

32
Q

what can lead to severe oedema

A

hypoalbuminaemia can lead to severe oedema
hypoproteinaemia

33
Q

diseases such as glomerulonephritis can cause albumin proteins to be lost this decreases oncotic pressure what will this do to the fluid going in and out along the vascular shunt

A

more fluid pushed out and less fluid pushed in causing oedema

34
Q

if someone develops cancer (hodgkins lymphoma or non hodgkins ) and an occlusion is produced within lymphatic vessel this impairs the ability of the lymphatic vessel to drain causing backflow what can this lead to

A

area swells and oedema is caused
backflow of lymph causes hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid to rise above 0 causing more fluid to be pushed out. leads to stagnation

35
Q

what is an anastomoses

A

alternative or collateral channels for blood to flow through

36
Q

what are the three types of anastomoses

A

arterial anastomoses
venous anastomoses
arteriovenous anastomoses

37
Q

what anastamoses are the most common

A

venous anastomoses

38
Q

arteriovenous anastamoses from where to where in the vascular shunt

A

metaarteriole to thorough fare channel

39
Q

arterial anastomoses what is the most important one

A

circle of willis

40
Q

circle of willis

A

if there is a clot in the posteriorcommunicating arteries , there is an alternative route for blood flow in the circle of willis between anterior communicating arteries and posterior communicating arteries

41
Q

when someone is exercising they might be producing co2 and lactic acid high co2 in the bloodstream causes high hydrogen ions and high amounts of lactic acid what does this do to blood vessels

A

localised/active active hyperaemia

42
Q

if mean arterial pressure is high what does this lead to

A

vasoconstriction to prevent smaller cerebral vessels from rupturing,

43
Q

what happens when there is a decrease in map

A

vasodilation to increase blood flow

44
Q

if mean arterial pressure is not high enough what can it cause symptoms wise

A

syncopy and fainting

45
Q

if for example there is an obstruction in the lung the area cannot be oxygenated what will happen to ensure sufficient oxygenation of blood

A

vessel vasoconstricts to divert blood to area with more oxygen

46
Q

during fight or flight what happens to vessels around the gi tract and skin and kidney s

A

vasoconstriction to divert blood away from git and skin and divert it to heart skeletal muscle, lungs and brain

47
Q

arteriovenous malformation what is it

A

people do not have true capillaries, capillaries dampen pressure but in a av malformation high pressure from artery goes straight to vein leading them to become coiled up and can cause ruptures. common in brain but rare condition

48
Q

how is av malformation treated

A

embolous is created to divert blood flow to prevent rupturing

49
Q

what is ascites

A

water belly

50
Q

what is elephentatis or bancroftians filariasis

A

caused by nematode infection. blocked lymph nodes

mbbs year 1 module 3 circulation and breathing (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions