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CPH > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

hal

A

hale, sound, whole

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2
Q

Negative and Positive Health

A

Anne-Bowling (1991)

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3
Q
  • Traditional
  • Absence of disease, illness, or sickness
  • Measures ill health or illness such as; Morbidity rates, mortality rates, & routinely collected statistics
A

Negative Health (Anne-Bowling)

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4
Q
  • Not only the absence of disease but feelings of mental, physical well-being, full functioning, physical fitness, ability to cope, social support, adjustment, efficiency of mind and body.
  • Measures: quality of life measurements, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), sickness impact profiles
A

Positive Health (Anne-Bowling)

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5
Q

Negative health measures:

A

Measures ill health or illness such as;

Morbidity rates
mortality rates
routinely collected statistics

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6
Q

Positive health measures

A

quality of life measurements
disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
sickness impact profiles

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7
Q

WHO in _____ described health

A

1948

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8
Q

Definition of Health according to WHO in 1948

A

“state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity ”

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9
Q

is a resource for everyday life, not the object of living, and is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities

A

health

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10
Q

They set the characteristics of individuals

A

WOOD AND PATRICK

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11
Q

Sets of characteristics of individuals
(FIDDDDH)

A

o Death
o Disease
o Impairment
o Functional limitation
o Discomfort
o Disability
o Handicap

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12
Q

Interconnections of the determinants of health

A

● gestational endowments
● social circumstances
● environmental conditions where people live and work
● behavioral choices
● the availability of quality medical care

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13
Q

COM

A

Latin - together

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14
Q

Latin - together

A

COM

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15
Q

MUNIS

A

Etruscan - to endow (provide)/ exchange of services

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16
Q

Etruscan - to endow (provide)/ exchange of services

A

MUNIS

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17
Q

is a group of people who form relationships over time by interacting regularly around shared experiences, which are of interest to all for varying individual reasons.

A

community

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18
Q

is a collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics such as geography, interests, experiences, concerns, or values.

A

Community

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19
Q

interacting organisms (people) sharing the same environment

A

Biology

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20
Q

a group of interacting people larger than a household living in a common location

A

Sociology

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21
Q

COMMUNITY:

They have common:

A

Resource
Intent
Beliefs
Risks
Preferences
Needs

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22
Q

COMMUNITY is composed of

A

People
Place
Identity
Common Culture
Social System

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23
Q
  • interacting organism
A

People

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24
Q
  • locality
A

Place

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25
Q

sense of belongingness, “we feeling”

A

identity (membership)

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26
Q
  • share common knowledge, habits, customs, morals, and laws governing a place.
A

Common Culture

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27
Q
  • interdependence of each member of the community. Each member has a unique function that contributes to the totality of the system.
A

Social System

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28
Q

Individual actions and decision-making that affect the health of an individual or their immediate family members or friends

A

Personal health

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29
Q

influenced by environment and socioeconomic level of people

A

Personal health

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30
Q

-powerful influence on (people’s competence and coping skills

A

Social status and income

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31
Q

Examples of Personal Health Activities:

A

Choosing to eat wisely
to regularly wear a safety belt
and to visit the physician

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32
Q

Field within PUBLIC HEALTH

A

Community Health

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33
Q

A discipline that is concerned for the betterment of health

A

Community health

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34
Q

Focus of community health

A

people in the same geographic areas
Ex.: neighborhood, city, county, or stat

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35
Q

Community health Includes:

A

private and public efforts of individuals, group or organizations

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36
Q

Purpose of community health

A

to promote, protect and preserve the health of those in the community

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37
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE HEALTH OF A COMMUNITY

A

Physical Factors
Social and Cultural Factors
Community Organization
Individual Behaviors

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38
Q

Physical Factors

A

a. Geography
b. Environment
c. Community Size
d. Industrial Development

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39
Q

Social and Cultural Factors

A

Beliefs
Traditions
Prejudices
Economics
Religion
Politics
Social Norms
Socioeconomic Status (SES)

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40
Q

a. Ways in which communities Organize their resources

A

Community Organization

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41
Q

a. Takes the concerted effort of many - if not most - to make a community voluntary program work.

A

Individual Behaviors

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42
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH

● Science and Art

A

o Preventing Disease
o Prolonging Life
o Promoting Healthy Behaviors

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43
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH: Through

A

Organized Efforts

44
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH: To

A

Informed communities

45
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH: Purpose

A

Improve Quality of Life

46
Q

Is the sum of all government efforts to promote, protects and preserve people’s health.

A

Public health

47
Q

Public Health according to WHO

A

“The art of applying science in the context of politics so as to reduce the inequalities in health while ensuring the best health for the greatest number.”

48
Q

“The art of applying science in the context of politics so as to reduce the inequalities in health while ensuring the best health for the greatest number.”

A

Public health

49
Q

Core element of governments’ attempt to improve and promote the health and welfare of their citizens.

A

Public health

50
Q

WHAT PUBLIC HEALTH DOES (in no order of priority)

A

Prevent epidemics and spread of disease
Protect against environmental hazards
Prevent injuries
Promote and encourage healthy behaviors
Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery
Assure the quality and accessibility of health services

51
Q

‘Assuring conditions in which people can be healthy

A

Public health’s mission

52
Q

Organized col munity efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health.

A

Public health mission

53
Q

HOW PUBLIC HEALTH DOES ITS WORK

A

Assessment
Policy Development
Assurance

54
Q

• Monitor health
• Diagnose and Investigate

A

Assessment

55
Q

• Inform, educate, empower
• Mobilize community partnerships
• Develop policies

A

Policy Development

56
Q

Enforce laws
Link to/ Provide care
Assure competent workforce
Evaluate

A

Assurance

57
Q

Goal of Public Health:

A

• Partner
• Protect
• Promote
• Prevent
• Provide

58
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION
Focus -

A

prevent rather than treat a disease

59
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION

Through -

A

surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors

60
Q

Examples of Public Health Measures:

A

o Promote Hand Washing
o Vaccination Programs
o Distribution of condom

61
Q

Evidence of community health practices in earliest civilizations

A

Northern India: bathrooms and sewers
Sumerian clay tablet
Code of Hammurabi

62
Q

: bathrooms and sewers
(Drain or pipe)

A

Northern India

63
Q

earliest written record of public health was the _____________; included laws for physicians and health practices.

A

Code of Hammurabi

64
Q

: prescription drugs

A

Sumerian clay tablet

65
Q

MIDDLE AGES date

A

(500 to 1500 A.D.)

66
Q

Middle Ages:

A

● Little progress in public or community health
● Spiritual era, beliefs
● Epidemics of communicable diseases common

67
Q

time referred to as the spiritual era of public health.

A

Middle Ages

68
Q

Period of Renaissance and Exploration
date

A

(1500 – 1700 AD)

69
Q

Renewed interest in causes and cures of diseases caused by environmental and not spiritual factors

A

Renaissance and Exploration

70
Q

Rebirth of thinking about the nature of world and humankind.

A

Renaissance

71
Q

Belief that disease was caused by environmental, not spiritual, factors;

A

Renaissance and Exploration

72
Q

Industrial Growth

A

18th Century

73
Q

Period of industrial growth and poor sanitary conditions, epidemics of cholera, yellow fever and smallpox (Europe and America)

A

18th century

74
Q

Cities Overcrowded - water supplies inadequate and garbage

A

18th century

75
Q

Workplace unsafe and unhealthy
Such as fire hazards or improper garbage disposal

A

18th century

76
Q

Beginning of the modern era of public health

A

19th century

77
Q

Miasma Theory

A

19th century

78
Q

Bacteriologic Period of public health (1875-1900)

A

19th century

79
Q

Scientists - describe a cause of disease and discovered a great number of bacterial disease agents of communicable diseases

o Louis Pasteur
o Robert Koch

A

19th century

80
Q

” which postulated vapors, or miasmas, were the source of many diseases.”

A

miasmas theory

81
Q

Modern era of public health the era of public health that began in 1850 and continues today

A

19th century

82
Q

of France proposed his germ theory of disease.

disproved spontaneous generation

A

Louis Pasteur

83
Q

who develoded the criteria and procedures necessary to establish that a particular microbe, and no other, causes a particular disease.

A

Robert Koch

84
Q

This period (_________) has come to be known as the bacteriological period of public health.

A

1875–1900 (19th century)

85
Q

4 parts of 20th century

A

Reform Period
Great Depression
WWII
Postwar Years

86
Q

Health resources development period (__________)

A

20th century (1900-1960)

87
Q

Period of social engineering ( _______)

A

1960-1975 (20th century)

88
Q
  • government health insurance for older adults disabilities
A

Medicare

89
Q

government health insurance for the poor

A

Medicaid

90
Q

Health Promotion Period ( ________)

A

(1975-1990)

91
Q

Community Health in the ______ and early ______

A

1990s and early 2000

92
Q

6 serious challenges: HELCAT

A
  1. Improvement of health care delivery
  2. Solutions on environmental problems
  3. Preventing lifestyle diseases
  4. Increasing communicable diseases: AIDS, tuberculosis, viral diseases
  5. Increasing number of alcohol and drug abuse cases
  6. Terrorism
93
Q

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

A

Vaccination
Motor Vehicle Safety
Safer Workplaces
Control of Infectious Diseases
Decline in deaths from Coronary disease/ stroke
Safer and Healthier Foods
Healthier Mothers and Babies
Family Planning
Fluoridation of Drinking Water
Recognition of Tobacco Use as Health Hazard

94
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT 20 TH CENTURY

A

● Increase in life expectancy
● World-wide reduction - in infant and child mortality
● Elimination or reduction communicable diseases

95
Q

OUTLOOK FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

A

Healthy Future for All

96
Q

Challenges in 21st Century

A

o Greatly reduce the burden of excess morbidity and mortality suffered by the poor

o Countering potential threat to health resulting from economic crises, unhealthy environments or risky behaviors

o Developing more effective systems

o Expand the knowledge base

97
Q

Medical Schools, hospitals and nursing schools

A

Health resources development period (1900-1960)

98
Q

Social Concerns.

Congress passed legislation regulating food and other industries

A

Reform Period (1900-1920)

99
Q

– decline in alcohol related health problems (prohibition)

A

1920 (Reform period)

100
Q

o Social Security Act of 1935
o National Cancer Institute (1937

A

Great Depression (1929-1935)

101
Q

resulted in a number of medical advances

A

WWII

102
Q

hospital construction resumed

A

Post war years

103
Q

Community health priorities failed

Polio Vaccine

Pres. Eisenhower’s heart attack

A

Post war years

104
Q

o Government improved access to health care

A

Period of social engineering (1960-1975)

105
Q

Medicare
Medicaid

A

Period of social engineering (1960-1975)

CPH (13 decks)

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