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CPH > ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARD PART 1 > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARD PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the study and management of environmental conditions that affect our health and well-being

A

Environmental health hazards

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2
Q

, on the other hand, are those factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury disease or death

A

Environmental hazards

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3
Q

comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biologic, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment.”

A

Environmental health

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4
Q

any external factor that negatively affects your health can be considered an

A

environmental health hazard

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5
Q

In developing countries with large ____ populations, people continue to suffer from traditional risks
• (unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and indoor smoke from domestic cooking and heating)

A

rural

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6
Q

In developing countries with large____ populations and more industry, people are exposed to additional environmental risks
• (including exposure to urban, industrial and agrochemical pollution, as well as industrial accidents)

A

urban

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7
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS

A

• Land and climate related hazards
• Atmospheric hazards
• Water related hazards
• Food Borne hazards
• Vector Borne Hazards
• Domestic Hazards
• Occupational Hazards
• Infrastructural hazards

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8
Q

A. LAND & CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS
•: Common in both lowland coastal and inland areas, especially in tropics and monsoon areas

A

Floods

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9
Q

homes flooded because of hurricanes were contaminated with high levels of___ that led to respiratory problems.

A

mold

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10
Q

that release large quantities of ash into the atmosphere are responsible for the acute respiratory symptoms commonly reported by people during and after ash falls including nasal irritation and discharge like
runny noses
throat irritation and sore throat
coughing and
uncomfortable breathing

A

volcanic eruptions

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11
Q

Flooding from hurricanes or other causes can produce numbers of mosquitoes resulting in outbreaks of vector-borne diseases including_____ and ______

A

encephalitis and malaria.

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12
Q

Increasing problem in many urban areas due to road traffic;

Also associated with old, heavy and manufacturing industries and mining wind blown dust also a significant problem in some areas

A

Outdoor Pollution /Air

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13
Q

is the contamination of the air by substances like gasses, liquids, or solids, and amounts great enough to harm humans, the environment or our climate.

A

outdoor pollution or air pollution

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14
Q

include dust storms forest fires and volcanic eruptions

A

Natural sources

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15
Q

Human sources can be divided into

(ex.motor vehicles) and

(ex. power plants and factories)

A

mobile sources

stationary sources

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16
Q

United States, major sources of outdoor pollution are:

A

Transportation
Electric power plants
Industry

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17
Q

small sources of outdoor pollution:

A

Wood and coal
burning stoves
fireplaces
dry cleaning facilities
and waste incinerators

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18
Q

includes those animating directly from the sources listed previously and they include

carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen oxides
hydrocarbons suspended particulates

A

Primary pollutants

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19
Q

are formed when primary pollutants reacted with one another or with other atmospheric components to form new harmful chemicals

A

Secondary pollutants

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20
Q

include:
nitrogen dioxide
nitric acid
nitrate salts
sulfur trioxide
sulfate salts
sulfuric acid
peroxy acyl nitrates
Ozone

A

Secondary pollutants

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21
Q

Since sunlight promotes the formation of the secondary pollutants, the resulting smog is referred to as

A

photochemical smog or the brown smog.

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22
Q

Smog formed primarily by sulfur dioxide and suspended particulates

A

industrial smog or gray smog

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23
Q

It represents the single most dangerous air pollutant and breathing ozone can result in variety of health problems even at low levels including chest pain, coughing, throat irritation, congestion, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and reduced lung function

A

Ozone (03)

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24
Q

• It can be solid or liquid form.
The major sources comes from come from the industrial processes, stationary fuel combustion, transportation, and solid waste

A

Particulate Matter (PM)

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25
Q

This is in the glass form and the major sources come from the transportation, industrial processes, other solid waste, and stationary fuel combustion

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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26
Q

This is in gas form as well and the major source comes from the stationary fuel combustion, transportation, industrial processes, and solid waste.

A

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

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27
Q

It is in gas form and the major sources comes from the stationary fuel combustion, industrial processes,
transportation, and other waste

A

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

28
Q

• This is in metal or aerosol form.
Maior sources come from the transportation, industrial processes, stationary fuel combustion, and solid waste.

A

Lead (Pb)

29
Q

NAAQS or the

A

National Ambient Air Quality Standard

30
Q

EPA or the

A

Environmental Protection Agency

31
Q

These are the compounds that exist as vapors over the not normal range of air pressures and temperatures

A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

32
Q

a pungent water soluble gas as one of the most ubiquitous VOCs

A

Formaldehyde

33
Q

Water in streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs is called

A

surface water

34
Q

The water that infiltrates the soil is referred to as

A

Subsurface water or groundwater

35
Q

Groundwater that is not absorbed by the roots of vegetation moves slowly downwards until it reaches the zone of the soil completely saturated with water referred to as

A

aquifer

36
Q

are porous water-saturated layers of underground bedrock sand and gravel that can yield economically significant amounts of water.

A

aquifers

37
Q

The earth’s supplies of fresh water available for our use is limited, only________ of the earth’s water is available for the use by humans and much of this is hard to reach and too costly to be of practical value.

A

0.003%

38
Q

Consumption of polluted water can result in outbreaks such as waterborne diseases such as

A

cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, and other gastrointestinal diseases

39
Q

Waterborne diseases are responsible for ______ deaths every year

A

11.5 million

40
Q

In 2010 more than______ of the world’s population lived without sanitation.

A

one-third

41
Q

of the population had no access to clean drinking water.

A

11%

42
Q

Common pollutants of area rivers, streams, bayous, lakes, ponds, estuaries, and bays include:

A

Fertilizer
Mercury
Herbicides/ Insecticides
Oil and other chemicals

43
Q

Water pollution includes any physical or chemical change in water that can harm living organisms or unfit for uses such as:

A

Drinking
Domestic use
Recreational fishing
Industry
Agriculture
Transportation

44
Q

Source of water pollution

• Refers to a single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water such as the pipe, ditch or culvert.

A

Point sources

45
Q

Source of water pollution

• Includes all pollution that occurs through the runoff seepage or falling of pollutants into the water.

A

Non-point sources

46
Q

Release of pollutants in the factory

Sewage treatment plant

A

Point sources

47
Q

• Run-off water from cities, highways, and farms resulting from rain events or called stormwater runoff

• Seepage of leachates from landfills and acid rain

A

Non-point sources

48
Q

is a greater problem than the point source pollution: because of the often difficult track and the actual source of the pollution and therefore to control it.

A

Non-point source pollution

49
Q

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTANTS

• Pathogen, parasites, bacterias, or undesirable living organisms

A

Biological

50
Q

Waterborne viral agents and the disease they cause include:

A

• Polymialities
• Virus/ polio
• Hepatitis A

51
Q

Waterborne bacteria and the disease they cause:

  • causes gastroenteritis
  • causes legionellosis salmonella typhi-Thyroid fever
  • cause shigellosis or bacilliary dysentery
  • that causes cholera
A

Coli

Legionella

Shigella species

vibrio cholerae

52
Q

Waterborne parasites

  • causes amid biases or amid dysentery
  • causes giardiasis
  • causes cryptosporidiosis
A

• entamoeba histolytica
• Giardia duodenalis
• Cryptosporidium carbon

53
Q

Types of water pollutants

• Non-viable or non-living hazardous materials such as chemicals.

A

Non-biological

54
Q

TWO TYPES OF POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN WATERWAYS:

A

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals

Pharmaceutical and personal care products

55
Q

• Interfere in some way with our body’s endocrine or hormones system

A

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals

56
Q

• Synthetic chemicals found in everyday consumer healthcare
products and cosmetics

A

Pharmaceutical and personal care products

57
Q

• Surface water and drinking water are regulated by two laws:

A

Clean Water Act
Safe Drinking Water Act

58
Q

Where in adequate Cooking temperatures or improper holding temperature for food Especially for bacterial Outbreaks and sanitarv conditions or practices at the point of service such as failure to wash hands, Drinking raw or Unpasteurized milk That Possess bacterial outbreak.

A

Foodborne disease Outbreak

59
Q
  • pesticides that kills the plants
A

Herbicides

60
Q
  • pesticides that kills insects
A

Insecticide

61
Q

is a living organism, usually insects or other arthropod which transmits microscopic diseases to susceptible hosts.

A

Vector

62
Q

Mosquitos
Fleas
Ticks

A

Vector

63
Q

Dracunculiasis, schistosomiasis

A

Water related vectors

64
Q

• Toxoplasmosis, bubonic plague

A

Animal related vectors

65
Q

Sleeping sickness, bubonic plague, malaria, dengue, filariasis

A

Arthropod related vectors

CPH (13 decks)

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