VITAL STATISTICS Flashcards
– systematic approach of obtaining, organizing &
analyzing numerical facts so that conclusion may be drawn from
them
Statistics
– systematic study of vital events such as births,
illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation & deaths.
Vital Statistics
Statistics of ______ & ______ indicate the health of a
community & the success or failure of health work.
morbidity & mortality
Statistics on population (age, sex & distribution) =
_____ & ______ are registered in the Office of the Local
Civil Registrar of the municipality or city
Births & Deaths
- Indices (point out) of the health & illness status of a community
- Serves as basis for planning, implementing, monitoring
& evaluating community health programs & services.
Vital Statistics
Sources of Standardized Data
Philippine Census
Statistical Abstract of the Philippines
Vital Statistics
Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR)
National Health Surveys
– conducted every 10 years, enumeration of population
Philippine Census
– statistics on social, political, & economic organization
Statistical Abstract of the Philippines
– statistical summaries of records of major life events
Vital Statistics
– lists cases of notifiable diseases in the Philippines.
Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR)
– health interviews of people
– clinical tests, measurement, and physical examinations
– survey of places where people receive medical care
- National Health Surveys
FHSIS
– Field Health Services & Information System
Provide summary of data on health services delivery = barangay, municipality, city, district, provincial, regional, and national
* Provide data that can be used for program monitoring & evaluation purposes.
FHSIS
Provide standardized data base w/c can be access for more in depth studies.
* Ensure that the data reported to FHSIS are useful & accurate.
FHSIS
Minimize the recording & reporting burden at
the service delivery level to allow more time for
patient care & promotive activity.
FHSIS
– comparison between any two values or variable
Ratio
– comparison of a part to the whole
Proportion
– the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time
Rate
Person experiencing the event (NUMERATOR)
– total population exposed to the risk of same event
(DENOMINATOR)
– allow comparison of outbreaks that occur at different times or in different places
Rate
General Types of Rate:
Crude or General Rate
Specific Rate
General Types of Rate:
Crude or General Rate
Specific Rate
Crude or General Rate
* Refers to total living population presumed to be exposed to
the risk
- Refers to total living population presumed to be exposed to
the risk
Crude or General Rate
- Refers to specific population , limits population, definitely
exposed to risk - Made specific : age, sex, education, occupation, marital
status, race etc…
Specific Rate
3 Important Kinds of Rates
Natality (birth) rate
Morbidity (disease) rate
Mortality (fatality) rate
– a measure of the natural growth or increase of a population.
Natality (birth) rate
– a measure of the persons who became ill or are ill at a given time
Morbidity (disease) rate
– A measure of mortality from all causes w/c result in a decrease of population
Mortality (fatality) rate
- More specific
- Births are related to the segment of the
population deemed capable of giving birth.
General Fertility Rate
3 Important Types of Morbidity Rates
Incidence Rate
Prevalence Rate
Attack Rate
– Measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a given period of time
– New cases only
– The speed of new cases of a disease in the population
Incidence Rate
– Measures the proportion of the population w/c exhibits
a particular disease at a particular time
– Deals with the total # number of cases (new & old)
Prevalence Rate
– A more accurate measure of the risk of exposure
– Risk during an outbreak
Usually expressed for the entire epidemic period, from
the first to the last case
Attack Rate
Different Mortality Rates:
Infant Mortality Rate
Maternal Mortality Rate
= measures the risk of dying during the 1st year
Infant Mortality Rate
- risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth & puerperium
- Index of obstetrical care needed & received by
community
Maternal Mortality Rate
= pregnancy wastage
Fetal Death Rate
= risk of dying the 1st month of life. A
good index of the effect of prenatal care & obstetrical management of newborn.
Neonatal Death Rate
:
* Describes more accurately the risk of exposure of certain
classes or groups to a particular diseases.
* Specific rates render more comparable & thus reveal the
problem of public health
SPECIFIC DEATH RATE
:
* Describes more accurately the risk of exposure of certain
classes or groups to a particular diseases.
* Specific rates render more comparable & thus reveal the
problem of public health
SPECIFIC DEATH RATE
Proportionate Mortality Ratio
* describes the proportion of deaths in a specified
population over a period of time attributable to different
causes
- describes the proportion of deaths in a specified
population over a period of time attributable to different
causes
Proportionate Mortality Ratio
- Index of a killing power of a disease
- The risk of dying from a disease in a time period (the duration of the disease)
Case Fatality Ratio
- similar with CFR but different in terms of formulation
Death-to-case Ratio
- measure the proportionate reduction in cases among
vaccinated persons - utilized during clinical trials
Vaccine effectiveness/efficacy
