Weathering and Soil

Question 1

What is weathering?

Answer 1

the break up of rock due to exposure to process at or near the earth’s surface

Question 2

What are the two types of weathering?

Answer 2

mechanicAL and chemical

Question 3

How do mechanical and chemical weathering differ?

Answer 3

mechanical-breaks without any change in composition

Chemical-minerals are changed into new mineral

Question 4

What are the 4 ways that mechanical weathering occurs?

Answer 4

Ice and water-frost wedging
Abrasion-the wearing away of rock material by grinding action
Plants and animals- roots and claws digging
upward expansion- exfoliation

Question 5

What are the 3 ways that chemical weathering occurs?

Answer 5

water- hydrolysis
oxygen-oxidation
acid-acid rain

Question 6

What kind of soil formed in the place where it was found. It matches the bedrock underneath it

Answer 6

Residual

Question 7

What soil was moved to a new area by erosion. it does not match the bedrock beneath it

Answer 7

transported

Question 8

What is a soil profile?

Answer 8

a cross section of the soil from the surface down

Question 9

In what order to the horizons form?

Answer 9

D
C
B
A

Question 10

What is the A Horizion?

Answer 10

Top soil
Gray to black
Contains humus-decaying organisms

Question 11

What is the B Horizon?

Answer 11

Subsoil
Red brown
clay and other minerals leach (wash) down from above

Question 12

What is the C Horizon?

Answer 12

Partly weathered bredrock

Question 13

What is D Bedrock?

Answer 13

Parent material

Question 14

What factors determine how fast weathering will occur?

Answer 14

Surface area
composition
climate

Question 15

What three factors determine how fast weathering will occur?

Answer 15

Surface area
composition
climate

Question 16

What three factors determine the composition of soil?

Answer 16

Climate
plants and animals
parent material

Question 17

What forms in areas of little or no rainfall, generally sandy

Answer 17

desert soil

Question 18

What kind of soil forms in areas with enough rain to support grass; fertile for farming

Answer 18

grassland

Question 19

What type of soil forms in very wet, warm regions. Soil profiles are deep

Answer 19

tropical

Question 20

What type of soil forms in cold climates. Slow weathering results in shallow profiles

Answer 20

arctic

Question 21

What type of soil forms in areas with enough rainfall to support heavy tree growth

Answer 21

forest

Question 22

What is found in Sterling areas?

Answer 22

Clay

Question 23

For farms to be productive they must practice what to reduce soil erosion?

Answer 23

crop rotation

Question 24

Planting trees along the edge of a field to reduce wind erosion creates a what?

Answer 24

windbreak

Question 25

What is when farmers plow their fields perpendicular to the slope?

Answer 25

contour farming

Question 26

Flattening a slop into ________ is used in cultivating rice

Answer 26

terraces

Question 27

When farmers plant 2 different crops in one field to cover up bare soil, it is called _________

Answer 27

strip cropping

Question 28

When all plowing, fertilizing, planting, and weeding is done at one time, a farmer is practicing the ________ method

Answer 28

no till