Middle Ages

Question 0

How did feudal society develop in Europe?

Answer 0

They wanted protection from land holding lords so they entered into feudal agreements with them.

Question 1

Who did the pope anoint as emperor ?

Answer 1

Charlemagne

Question 2

Why did people need the protection of land holding lords?

Answer 2

They needed protection because they had very little protection after the feline of Roman influence over Western Europe.

Question 3

What did a feudal system consist of?

Answer 3

Fief, vassals, serfs and feudal obligations

Question 4

How did Charlemagne revive the idea of the Roman Empire?

Answer 4

Frankish kings used military power to expand and the alliance between Frankish kings and the church, reestablished Roman culture (Christianity) in Western Europe.

Question 5

Tell six facts about the Age of Charlemagne

Answer 5

. Franks emerged as a force in Western Europe
. Pope crowned emperor
. Power of church in political life was reuse stablished
. Roman culture was reinterpreted
. Most of Western Europe was included in the new empire
. Churches roads and schools were built to unite the empire

Question 6

Who were some Middle Age invaders?

Answer 6

Angles and Saxons from Europe to England
Magyars from Central Asia to Hungary 
Vikings from Scandinavia to Russia
Muslims?
Mongol armies invaded Russia, Asia and China creating an empire
Ottoman Turks conquered Byzantine empire

Question 7

What were five key events of the Crusades?

Answer 7

. Pope Urban's speech
. The capture of Jerusalem
. Founding of crusader states
. Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin
. Sack of Constantinople by western crusaders

Question 8

What were four effects of the crusades?

Answer 8

. Weakened pope and nobles; strengthened monarchs
. Stimulated trade throughout Mediterranean and Middle East
. Weakened the Byzantine empire
. Left legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews and Muslims

Question 9

What was the Black Death?

Answer 9

Bubonic plague epidemic decimated population. Most devistating disaster.

Question 10

What was the impact of the Black Death?

Answer 10

. Decline in population
. Scarcity of labor
. Decline of church influence
. Disruption of trade
. Towns freed from feudal obligations

Question 11

What were the crusades referred to as?

Answer 11

Holy Warskk

Question 12

Who were the crusades between?

Answer 12

Christians and Muslims

Question 13

Who were so leaders during the crusades?

Answer 13

Alexius I and pope Urban II

Question 14

Give three facts about the Franks.

Answer 14

. Long lasting empire
. Catholic (divided in thirds after Clovis)
. Males were dominant

Question 15

What was Germanic Law code?

Answer 15

Personal injuries lead to feuds so they instituted “wergeld” which was a fine to pay for the injury you caused. People’s lives has different monetary values.

Question 16

What do you know about anti-semitism at that time?

Answer 16

Christians saw Jews as murderers of Christ, Jews were accused of causing the plague by poisoning the water wells.

Question 17

Who was one key person of influence during 100 years war?

Answer 17

Joan of Arc. Her involvment was the turning point in wr in Orleans
Henry V and dauphin Charles also

Question 18

Who were flagellants?

Answer 18

People who willingly whipped one another as punishment for their sinful ways

Question 19

What are some facts about Charlemagne?

Answer 19

. King of Franks then Emperor of Romans
. Appointed by pope
. Powerful, determined, decisive, intelligent ruler who was fierce warrior
. Organized the Carolingian kingdom
. Established “missi Dominici”
. Revered learning and culture- lead to monks writing rooms called “scriptoria”

Question 20

What does missi dominici mean?

Answer 20

Messengers of The Lord king

Question 21

Who was Justinian?

Answer 21

He became emperor of eastern Roman Empire.
Wanted to reestablish the Roman Empire
His army destroyed the Vandals and Ostrogoths
Most important contribution was Codification of roman law called corpus iuris civilis- the body of civil law

Question 22

What was the magna carta?

Answer 22

It was a feudal document that strengthened the idea that the monarchs power was limited; not absolute. Dealt with rights and obligations of kings and vassals.

Question 23

What was the Norman Conquest?

Answer 23

Invasion on the coast of England (battle of Hastings)by William of Normandy lead to a Norman ruling class who spoke French eventually merging with the Anglo Saxons forming new language. They took over Anglo Saxon institutions. Normans took over taxes and royal courts.

Question 24

What was Constantinople?

Answer 24

The capital of the eastern Roman Empire .
It’s location was at a crossroads for trade (center of trade)
It s location provided protection from eastern frontier
Easily fortified site on a peninsula.
It was the seat of the Byzantine empire until the ottoman conquest.

Question 25

What was the influence of the Justinian codification of Roman law?

Answer 25

It provided the basis for law codes of Western Europe

Question 26

Why was Byzantine emperor Justinian important?

Answer 26

Codified laws
Reconquest of Roman territories
Expanded trade

Question 27

What was the role of the church?

Answer 27

. It was a unifying force in Western Europe
. Church served the social, political, religious needs of people
. Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements
. Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes
. Pope anointed emperor
. Loyalty to church became more important than loyalty to emperor.
. Church was moral authority

Question 28

What were the roots of Russian history?

Answer 28

Russian culture was influenced by Byzantine civilization through its religion culture and trade.
There were trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea
Russia adopted orthodox christianity
Russian adopted the Greek alphabet with Slavic languages (Cyrillic alphabet)

Question 29

Who was Constantine?

Answer 29

Ho moved the Roman Empire capital from Rome to Constantinople .
He converted to Christianity and made it legal
The church became a source of moral authority