Islam. 197-202 Flashcards
Who was Muhammad Ali?
Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law
What did some of Muhammad’s followers not agree with?
the selection of Abu Bakr as the first caliph and promoted the candidacy of Muhammad Ali
After Abu Bakr’s death, who was the office passed to?
Umar
Who was Umar?
Another one of Muhammad’s followers
Who was Umar’s successor?
Uthman
who was Mu’awiyah?
the governor of Syria and one of Ali’s chief rivals
Who were a branch of the Quraishi clan?
Umayyads
Where was the new caliphates capital?
Damascus
Who were the Berbers?
primarily pastoral people living along the mediterranean coast and in the mountains in the interior
Who was the Berber’s commander?
Tariq
What did Tariq cross?
Strait of Gibaltar
What was the visigothic kingdom weakened by?
internecine warfare
Which peninsula became a muslim state with its center in andalusia
Iberian
Who defeated the Arab force?
Charles Martel between Tours and POitiers
Who defeated the Arabs?
the Franks
What battle was the high-water mark of Arab expansion in Europe?
Battle of Tours
Who was Ali’s second son?
Hussein
Who were Hussein’s supporters?
Shi’ites
What does Shi’ites come from?
the Arabic phrase shi’at Ali or “partisans of ALi”
A schism occurred between who?
Shi’ite and Sunnite
Who was Abu al Abbas?
led a revolt
a descendant of MUhammad’s uncle
led to the overthrow of the Umayyads and the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty in what is now Iraq
Where did the Abbasids build a new capital city?
Baghdad on the Tigris River far to the east of the Umayyad capital at Damascus
Who was Harun al-Rashid
best known of the caliphs
Harun “the upright”
reign is often described as the golden age of the Abbasid culture
Who was Harun al-Rashid’s son?
al-Ma’mum
What us a council called?
diwan
What is a prime minister called?
vizier
Who was Harun’s other son?
Amin
Who received large pensions from the state treasury?
members of hashemite clan
Who was Harun’s wife?
Zubaida
Who amassed vast wealth and power until Harun eliminated the entire clan in a fit of jealously?
Barmakids
What became independent?
Morocco
What was the Shi’ite dynasty under?
the Fatmids
What was the Arab holy book?
the Koran
Who were the Seljuk Turks?
nomadic people from Central Asia who had converted to Islam and flourished as military mercenaries for the Abbasid caliphate where they were known for their ability as mounted archers
What does sultan mean?
holder of power
Where was the Turks army routed?
Manzikert near Lake Van in eastern Turkey
What peninsula was taken over?
Anatolian
What was another sacred document?
Shari’ah
