Islam. 202-207

Question 0

Who were the Sunni Muslims under the leadership of?

Answer 0

Saladin

Question 1

Who was the Byzantine emperor who desperately called for assistance from other Christian states in Europe to protect his empire against the invading Seljuk Turks?

Answer 1

Alexius I

Question 2

Who were the Mongols?

Answer 2

a pastoral people who swept out of the Gobi Desert to seize control over much of the known world

Question 3

Who had made advances in northern China?

Answer 3

Genghis Khan

Question 4

Who was Hulegu the brother of?

Answer 4

Khubilai Khan

Question 5

Who were the Mamluks?

Answer 5

a Turkish military class originally composed of slaves

Question 6

Where was the new center of Islamic civilization?

Answer 6

Cairo

Question 7

Where were the ottoman Turks located?

Answer 7

Anatolian peninsula

Question 8

What did Sultan Mehmet do?

Answer 8

seized Constantinople and brought an end to the decrepit Byzantine Empire

Question 9

What were some great commercial citites?

Answer 9

Basra, at the head of the Persian Gulf
Aden at the southern tip of the arabian peninsula
Damascus in modern Syria
Marrakech in Morocco

Question 10

What were the most common threats to urban life?

Answer 10

fire flood and disease

Question 11

Who were the most impressive urban buildings for?

Answer 11

the caliph or the local governor and the great mosque

Question 12

What were houses constructed of?

Answer 12

stone or brick around a timber frame

Question 13

What were the poor people’s houses composed of?

Answer 13

clay or unfired brick

Question 14

Where did the Bedouins live?

Answer 14

in tents that could be dismantled and moved according to their needs

Question 15

What did Muslim’s eat?

Answer 15

mutton, lamb, poultry, fish,

Question 16

What could Muslim’s not eat?

Answer 16

pork

Question 17

What were delicacies?

Answer 17

fruit, spices, and various sweets

Question 18

What were the poor forced to survive on?

Answer 18

boiled millet or peas with an occasional lump of meat or fat

Question 19

What type of society was the Arab society?

Answer 19

egalitarian

Question 20

What contributed to the Arab societies egalitarianism?

Answer 20

Both the principles or Islam, which held that all were equal in the eyes if Allah and the importance of trade to the prosperity of the state

Question 21

What did the upper class consist of?

Answer 21

ruling families
senior officials
tribal elites
and the wealthiest merchants

Question 22

What was most of the farmland owned by?

Answer 22

independent peasantsi

Question 23

Where did the slaves come from?

Answer 23

sub-Saharan Africa or from non-Islamic populations elsewhere in Asia

Question 24

What philosophic works were translated into Arabic?

Answer 24

Greek Syrian and Persian

Question 25

Who’s works were translated into Arabic and stored in the “House of Wisdom”

Answer 25

Aristotle, Plato, and other Greek philosophers

Question 26

Where is the “house of Wisdom”

Answer 26

baghdad

Question 27

Who is Ibn Rushd?

Answer 27

Muslim philosopher

Question 28

Who is Ibn Rushd known in the west as?

Answer 28

Averroes

Question 29

Where did the first paper mill in Europe appear?

Answer 29

Pyrenees Mountains in Spain

Question 30

What was their world map based on?

Answer 30

the tradition of the Greco-Roman astronomer Ptolemy

Question 31

Who developed medicine as a distinctive field of scientific inquirity?

Answer 31

ancient Greek physician Galen

Question 32

What did Ibn Sina (Avicenna in the west) compile?

Answer 32

a medical encyclopedia that emphasized the contagious nature of certain diseases and showed how they could spread by contaminated water supplies

Question 33

After Avicenna’s work was translated into Latin, what happened?

Answer 33

it became a basic medical textbook for medieval European university students