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weather erosion and deposition Flashcards

1
Q

define weathering

A

the chemical and physical weathering of rocks near earth’s surface

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2
Q

Define chemical weathering

A

The breakdown of rock through a change in mineral or chemical composition

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3
Q

What are two examples of chemical weathering

A
  1. oxidation
  2. when water dissolves minerals
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4
Q

What forms caves

A

the chemical breakdown of underground limestone when rainwater picks up carbondioxide and become acid rain

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5
Q

Define acid rain

A

rainwater that picks up carrbon dioxid

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6
Q

define physical weathering

A

The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition

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7
Q

what are the 4 causes of physical weathering and explain them

A
  1. Frost wedging - the repeated freezing and thawing of water within rocks -causes crack to become bigger and bigger
  2. plant root growth - root growth with in rock that breaks it apart
  3. abrupt temperature change - temperatur changes cause rocks stress which can result in change withing the rock like expansion and contraction
    4.ABRASION - when sediments moved by ice, water, wind or gravity grind against other rocks
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8
Q

What are the factors that affect the rate and type of weathering and explain them

A
  1. Exposure to Air- rocks abrove ground weather faster than rocks buried underground
  2. Particle Size - with equal volumes of rock smaller particle weather fasster than larger particles (larger particle have a greater surface area)
  3. Mineral composition - Different minerals weather at different rates based on their properties
  4. Climate -
    climates effects when chemical weathering works best and when physical weathering works best (chemical more effective in warm and moist and physical more effeictive in cold and moist)
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9
Q

define erosion

A

the movement of weathered rock

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10
Q

what are the 6. agents of erosion

A

Gravity, Running water and streams (most common transport agent of erosion), wind erosion, Glacial Erosion, Erosion due to waves and currents, erosion by humans

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11
Q

Define gravity agents of erosion -

A

The primary force behind most types of erosion

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12
Q

What creates mudslides

A

gravity aided by water creates mudslides

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13
Q

what is it called when gravity acts alone?

A

mass wasting or mass movement

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14
Q

How is sediment transported through streams?

A
  1. dissolved minerals flow in solution
  2. Small sediments (clay) are suspended in the water
  3. larger sediment (pebbles) burow allong the bottom and become rounded THIS IS STREAM ABRASION
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15
Q

how are valleys formed

A

from river/ stream erosion and mass movemnt of rock

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16
Q

What shape does a stream carve in a valley over time

A

a V

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17
Q

What are the three things that determine the velocity of a stream

A

Gradients- Slope of the stream (as gradient increases so does stream velocity)
Discharge - volume of water in the stream (as discharge increases so does stream velocity)
Stream channel Shape - straightest streams flow faster than meandering streams

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18
Q

What is the mouth of the stream

A

THE END OF A STREAM

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19
Q

How were the Finger lakes formed

A

beggining of a stream that was carved by glaciersd

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20
Q

meanders def -v

A

when a stream bends and turns downstream

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21
Q

What is a Channel-

A

a waterway (or stream) that connects to areas of water

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22
Q

What will happen as a stream flows through its channel?

A

its velocity will change due to the curvature of the stream

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23
Q

What is wind erosion

A

strong winds can pick up small particles (sand grains or smaller) and blown the about

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24
Q

Examples of wind erosion and explain them

A

Sandblasting - when winds blow sand or silt grains against rock causing abrasion
Deflation - when wind blows away loose sediment causing the land surface to lower

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25
Whats Glacial erosion -
when glaciers move rock through movements, acts like sandpaper scratching away at earth's surface
26
Define a glacier -
ice and snow that moves downhill under the influence of Gravity
27
How do glaciers move
. Glaciers advance when more snow and ice is added .glaciers retreat when they melt * just like rivers glaciers flow faster in the middle
28
What are glacial grooves
grooves on earth's surface that show the direction it moved
29
What are glacial erratics -
Large boulders that are picked up by the glacier and deposited ina new location
30
what are glacial valleys
vall carved by glaciers in a U shape
31
explain crashing waves on rock
When waves crash on rock it braeks it down into smaller and smaller pieces over tiem
32
The pouding surf -
A tremendous amounts of energy is released when waves break
33
What is long shore drift
water flwoing along the beach due to the repeated action of waves crashing onto the beach at an angle
34
What helps lessen beach erosion
Jetties
35
Sandbar -
bar of sand formed due to the deposition of wave erosion
36
Erosion by humans -
human activities such as contruction and deforestation expose more sedimetn, thereby incresing erosion
37
Define deposition -
Process by which the agents of erosion drop their sediment
38
what are the two types of deposition
deposition of solid sediments precipitation - release of dissolved minerals such as salts from a water solution
39
what does crystillization result in?
ROCKS COMPOS3ED OF ONE ELEMTNT
40
HOW DO HUMANS BENEFIT FROM DEPOSITION
WE MINE MANY OF THE DEPOSITED SEDIMENTS FOR VARIOUS THINGS
41
What causes deposition to occur
deposition usually occurs when the velocity of a stream or wind slows or stops
42
what is the rate of deposition
howmuch is deposited over a distance
43
how does velocity affect the rate of deposition
as velocity decreases it will deposit the sediments it can no longer carry
44
How do sediment characteristics affect the rate of deposition
1. sediment size- bigger sediments settle first when wind or water slows down 2. sedment shape - the more rounded a sediment the faster it will settle out of air or water 3. sediment density - the higehr the density the faster sediment will settle out of air
45
As density increase what happens to settling raate and settling time
settling time decreases and settling rate increases0
46
When is deposition considered sorted?
when the deposit has particles are simlar in size
47
When is deposition considered unsorted
when the deposit has mixed sediments
48
What is vertical sorting
When a mix of sediment settles out rapidly a layer graded bed forms with the sediment size increasing from small to big
49
What is horizontal sorting
when streams enter oceans and gradually deposit sediment where the larger sedimetns settle first result in horizontal layers which decrease in sediment size with distance from the source
50
UNSORTED GLACIAL AND MASS MOVEMENT DEPOSITS
when glacier or gravity deposit their sediment the result is a maix of sizes shapes and densities (unsorted)
51
Energy transformation in a stream
the stream loses enrgy as it moves from its source to its mouth
52
when is kinetic energy highest
when theres erosion
53
when is kinetic energy low
when there is deposition
54
How is a stream in a constant equilibrium
when sediment is eroded upstream in eventually deposited downstream
55
2where does more deposition occur
in the floodplain
56
where does most deposition occur in a strem and whast does it form
mostly it occurs at the mouth formeing a delta
57
What is a delta
a fan shaped deposit of sediments at the end of a stream
58
what happens to the sediments at the front of the glacier
teh sediment is dropped in unsorted pils called morains
59
what are drumlins
unsorted glacial deposits shaped like an upside down spoon
60
what are kettle lakes
lakes formed from blocks of ice that break off of the glacier and creat a depression that reaches the water table
61
what are outwash plains and how are they formed
sorted deposits formed when glaciers melt and streams form carrying glacial sediment
62
how are beaches formed
when waves deposit sediment
63
what happens if a sandbar is higher than sea levvel?
tits considered a barrier island (fire island)
64
how does wind deposit sediments
it blowsm sand sized grains and smaller() clay and silt = dust
65
WHAT DO AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES DEPOSIT ?
UNSORTED SEDIMENT
66
why cant we see craters everywhere on earth
earths hydrospher and atmospher do a great jpb destroyign meteorites

earth science (22 decks)

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