Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

earth science > topic 2 > Flashcards

topic 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Oblate sphere def

A

is a flattened sphere

1.Flattened at the poles
2.bulging a the equator
3.The equatorial circumference is greater than the polar circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two things cause the earth to be round ish?

A

Gravity and centrifugal force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gravity def

A

An inward pulling force that is equal in all directions causing Earth to be spherical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Weight def

A

amount of gravity affecting an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Centrifugal force def and what is causes.

A

Centrifugal force - an outward force caused by the spinning (rotating) of Earth on its Axis
. This causes Earth to bulge at the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evidence #1 earth is not flat:

A
  1. Photographs from space reveal that Earth is almost a perfect sphere. - best piece of evidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Evidence #2 earth is not flat:

A
  1. Observation of ships on the horizon.

.The gradual appearance or disappearance of a boat over the horizon explains that Earth is curved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Evidence #3 the earth is not flat:

A
  1. Observation of a Lunar Eclipse.
    .During a lunar eclipse Earth’s shadow reveals its spherical shape.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Measurment of Gravity def:

A

the shorter the distance between two objects, the greater the gravitational force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Because of the earth being an oblate sphereoid the poles are closer to the center of Earth therefore:

A

gravity is stronger at the poles causing a person to weigh more at the poles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If earth was a perfect sphere what would happen to your weight?

A

If Earth was a perfect sphere you would weigh the same everywhere on Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Observation of the North Star (Polaris).

A

the altitude of Polaris is always equal to the latitude of the observer. Proving Earth is curved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Facts about Polaris:

A

Polaris is a star that is located directly above the North Pole. It can only be seen in the Northern Hemisphere. As the Earth rotates Polaris remains in the same location in space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happends if you measure the altitude of polaris?

A

you get your latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Astrolabe

A

instrument used to measure the altitude of objects above the horizon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Earths spheres in order of least dense to most dense.

A

Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What holds together our three outer spheres

A

Earth’s 3 outer spheres are held together by gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gravity has arranged our spheres in what order?

A

from lowest to highest density.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the Atmosphere contain and what is it mostly composed of? is it the least dense?

A

The layer of gases that surrounds Earth above the surface. Composed mostly of Nitrogen and Oxygen, Least dense of Earth’s spheres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the Hydrosphere contain?

A

liquid water that is between the atmosphere and solid layer earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What percentage does the hydrosphere cover over the earth?

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hydrosphere thickness:

A

average of only 3.8k km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lithosphere description:

A

The layer of rock that forms the solid outer shell of Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the uppermost portion of the crust called?

A

the crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the lithosphere’s density compared to the other spheres

A

the most dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The crust is composed mostly of ____ by volume

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The hydrosphere is composed mostly of ____ by volume

A

hydrogen by volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The troposphere is composed mostly ________by volume

A

nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the region extending from Earth;s rocky surface?

A

the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Coordinate System explanation

A

Latitude and Longitude is used to locate points on Earth’s surface. Measured in degrees and minutes (60 minutes/degree).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

latitude explanation

A

distance North or South of the equator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Parallels explanation

A

lines of latitude that run east/west “parallel” to the equator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

equator -

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Poles

A

90 N or S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What star do we use to calculate our latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.

A

Polaris

37
Q

Longitude -

A

distance East or West of the Prime Meridian.

38
Q

Meridian

A

– lines of longitude that run north/south to poles.

39
Q

Prime Meridian

A

0

40
Q

International Date Line -

A

180˚ E or W

41
Q

latitude and longitude alone are not enough so we break down latitude and longitude into smaller more manageable units:

A

60 minutes

42
Q

The time of earth is based onwhat?

A

Based on the rotation of Earth.

43
Q

how many degrees does the earth rotate per hour

A

Earth rotates 15˚ per hour.

44
Q

All places on the same Longitude have the same what?

A

local time

45
Q

When the sun is highest over head it is what in any location along that line of longitude?

A

12 noon

46
Q

Solar noon is evidence for what?

A

Solar noon is evidenced when the shadow of a vertical object is cast in a north/south direction.

47
Q

What is one complete rotation of earth in hours?

A

24 hours

48
Q

one complete rotation is what for earth?

A

360 degrees

49
Q

earth rotates how many degrees per hour?

A

15 degrees per hour

50
Q

Earth is composed of how many time zones?

A

24 time zones

51
Q

how wide is each time zone?

A

15 degrees

52
Q

Is it earlier of later in california compared to NY

A

earlier

53
Q

WEEL

A

WEST EARLIER EAST LATER

54
Q

how many and what are the U.S Time Zones

A

4: pacific, eastern, central, mountain

55
Q

As earth rotates its axis what are the faces of the earth doing

A

one half is facing the sun while the other is in darkness

56
Q

Field map def

A

illustrates a measured field value taken from he environment

57
Q

What to remember about field values:

A

things that can be measured in an environment

58
Q

Types of field values:

A

temperature
elevation(depth)
atmospheric (air) pressure
wind speeds
relative humidity
sound levels

59
Q

Field values are represented on maps by:

A

the use of lines that connect points of equal value

60
Q

What are the types of Isolines?

A

Isotherm
Isobars
Contour lines

61
Q

What are the rules of drawing isolines?

A

Draw isolines based on the stated interval.

Draw the isoline through the dot of the field value.

If there are no values for the interval required, you must create a best fit isoline.

Best fit isolines should be appropriate. Example: A field value of 5 or 25 should not appear between isolines of 10 and 20.

Never cross isolines!!

If the isoline does not connect in a circular form, simply extend the isoline off the page.

62
Q

what is a field gradient?

A

the change in field value over a distance

63
Q

Isotherm def

A

lines which connect points of equal temperature

64
Q

Isobars def

A

lines which connect points of equal air pressure

65
Q

Contour lines def

A

lines which connect points of equal elevation.

66
Q

How is the estimations of a gradients done?

A

by observing the closeness of the isolines.

67
Q

The closer together the isolines, the ______ the gradient

A

greater

68
Q

The father away the isolines, the _____ the gradient

A

smaller

69
Q

what are contour maps also know as?

A

topographic maps

70
Q

what are topographic maps?

A

they are flat models depicting the elevation of Earth’s surface.

71
Q

what do contour lines do?

A

model Earth’s surface features or landforms.

72
Q

Contour lines are isolines that connect points of what?

A

equal elevation

73
Q

contour interval-

A

-the difference in elevation between consecutive contour lines.

74
Q

a map has how many countour intervals?

A

1

75
Q

HOW DO YOU TELL WHERE DOES A STREAM FLOWS

A

STREAMS AND RIVERS FLOW OPPOSSITE OF THE CONTOUR LINE BENDS.

76
Q

what do contour lines do when they cross a stream?

A

When contour lines cross a stream, they bend upward toward higher elevation.

77
Q

Elevation increases inside consecutive looping contour lines. Indicating what?

A

hill or mountain

78
Q

the highest elevation cannot exceed what?

A

the next contour interval.

79
Q

Depression contour lines/hatchered lines description:

A

marked with small lines pointing toward the center of the depression.

80
Q

f not marked, the 1st depression contour has what?

A

same value as the previous contour line.

81
Q

Each contour line inside the depression is how much less??

A

one interval less.

82
Q

how are index contour lines indicated?

A

Often maps have a thicker, bold contour line indicating the index contour.

83
Q

what are index contour lines used as?

A

Used as a reference contour line.

84
Q

Oceans have what elevation?

A

0

85
Q

what are symbols used for?

A

to identify natural and man-made features.

86
Q

where are graphic symbols shown?

A

in the key of a topographic map

87
Q

a profile is what view of Earths landscape?

A

a side view

88
Q

profiles can reveal what?

A

Profiles can reveal the third dimension (elevation) of a contour map.

earth science (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions