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earth science > topic 3 > Flashcards

topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

the two piece of evidence that support the big bang thoeory

A

cosmic backround radiation
Doppler shift

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2
Q

what is the doppler shift?

A

most distant galxies are red shifted which means they are moving farther away

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3
Q

what do the shifts mean?

A

red shift means moving away and blue shift means moving closer

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4
Q

what are galaxies and what is the name of ours??

A

collections of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity. milky way

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5
Q

what is the universe doing and what is one reason why we know?

A

the universe is expanding and we know this from red shift.

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6
Q

the 3 nuclear fusion defs:

A

1.lighter elements combining to make heavier elements
2. Hydrogen + hydrogen = helium
3. the process in which a star creates energy

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7
Q

what is an apparent motion and what is a real one and an illusion?

A

A motion that an object appears to make.

Illusion (Sun and other stars moving across the sky)
Real (Earth rotating)

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8
Q

where do most celestial objects appear to rise and set and why.

A

Most celestial objects appear to rise in the east and set in the west.
Why? Earth is rotating from west to east (CCW)

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9
Q

what is a geocentric model and when was it made?

A

its a model of the solar system but with all objects orbiting earth. Ptolemy modeled this around 150 AD

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10
Q

what is a heliocentric model, when was it made?

A

Sun centered with all objects orbiting the Sun.

Copernicus modeled this around 1543

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11
Q

why did we switchto heliocentric?

A

the geocentric could no longer predict the heaves, th econstellations.

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12
Q

what percent of the mass of the solar system is in the sun?

A

99%

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13
Q

Most of the solar system is space which means what?

A

has no mass

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14
Q

WHAT ARE THINGS CALLED THHAT ORBIT THE SUN?

A

satellites

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15
Q

definition of a satellite and examples in our solar system.

A

any object that orbits or revolves around another object.
Planets
Asteroids
Meteoroids
Comets

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16
Q

what are planets?

A

The largest objects that independently orbit the Sun.

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17
Q

all about asteroids:

A

A solid rocky and/or metallic object that orbits the Sun.

Asteroids orbit the Sun in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter.

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18
Q

how many moons are know?

A

100 moons are known and vary in size.

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19
Q

All about comets

A

Composed of water and methane ice mixed with rocky or metallic solids.

As comets near the Sun they begin to melt, forming a tail of gas.

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20
Q

what are meteors?

A

Small piece of space rock
Most range in size from a sand grain – dime.

21
Q

the difference between a meteor, meteroid, meteorite

A

A meteroids are small pieces of rock in space meteors are when they burn up and enter the atmospher, meteorites are when they land on earth

22
Q

what do meteorites cause when they land on earth?

A

When meteorites slam into the Earth they cause a depression in the crust.

23
Q

why did all the dinasours go extinct?

A

the meteorite that landed on earth smashed into the ground causing dust to rise up into the atmosphere covering the earth and cuasing climate change that did things like lowering temperatues

24
Q

when was the solar system formed?

A

4.6 mya

25
Q

when was the universe formed?

A

13.8 billion years ago

26
Q

what happend to gasses near the sun and what did they result in?

A

were blown away by the solar wind, resulting in rocky planets near the Sun and gas planets further away.

27
Q

terrestrial planets

A

Close to the Sun and mostly solid.

Relatively small with high densities.

Heavily cratered, have few or no moons, and have no rings.

28
Q

Jovian Planets

A

Far from the Sun and mostly made of gas.

Relatively large diameters and low densities.

No solid surfaces, no craters, many moons, and rings.

29
Q

rotation def

A

– Spinning on its axis
-one complete rotation = one day

30
Q

Revolution –

A

The orbiting of one celestial object around another.

31
Q

do planets have perfect circular orbits?

A

no they have oval shape ellipses called an ellipse

32
Q

What does a Foucault Pendulum prove?

A

the earth rotates

33
Q

what is the coriolis effect?

A

Objects moving near the Earth’s surface are deflected away from a straight line.

34
Q

what is the corilolis affect in the souther and norther hemisphers?

A

northern - deflected right
southern - deflected left

35
Q

the coriolis affect is due to what?

A

the earth rotating on its axis

36
Q

Star Trail:

A

a time exposed photographic image that shows the apparent motion of stars; it appears as a blurry line across the film.

37
Q

Earth’s rate of
revolution is

A

360°/365 days= 1°/day

38
Q

Nighttime constellations change when?

A

in a yearly cycle.

39
Q

Constellation

A

groups of stars that form patterns of imaginary things such as animals, legendary heroes and mythological creatures.

40
Q

Perihelion

A

– When the Earth is closest to the Sun.

41
Q

Aphelion

A

When the Earth is farthest from the Sun

42
Q

what is one piece of evidence that proves the earth revolves around the sun?

A

the seasons

43
Q

Newton’s Law:

A

The bigger the objects or closer together they are, the greater the gravitational attraction.

44
Q

The major axis is….

A

he longest straight line distance across an ellipse, cutting through the foci.

45
Q

Eccentricity –

A

the amount of flattening or ovalness of an ellipse.

46
Q

what happens when a planets eccentricity is closer to 0?

A

The closer an ellipse is to a circle, the less eccentric it is. The eccentricity is closer to 0.

47
Q

what happens when the planets eccentricity is closer to 1?

A

The flatter the ellipse, the more eccentric it is. The eccentricity is closer to 1.

48
Q

keppler Law 1:

A

The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of two foci.

49
Q

keppler law 2:

A

When a planet is closer to the Sun, its orbital speed is greater than when it is farther away.

earth science (22 decks)

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