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earth science > ES quiz on astronomy > Flashcards

ES quiz on astronomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Celestial object def

A

Any object outside or above Earth’s atmosphere.

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2
Q

What are the most numerous celestial objects we see?

A

stars

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3
Q

Celestial object ex.

A

The moon
Stars
commits
planets
galaxies

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4
Q

Non celestial objects ex.

A

rainbow and clouds

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5
Q

What is Cosmology

A

Cosmology is the study of the Universe.

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6
Q

The Universe:

A

Everything that exists, all the space, matter, and energy.

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7
Q

Light-year =

A

the distance light travels in 1 year

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8
Q

how many miles can light travel in one year?

A

In 1 year, light can travel 6 trillion miles.

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9
Q

At light speed how many times can light travel around the earth in 1 second?

A

7.5 times

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10
Q

List these objects from biggest to smallest.
Milky Way, Earth, Universe, and Solar System

A

Universe, milky way, solar system, earth

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11
Q

How do we measure distance in the Universe and what does that mean?

A

light year, distance light travels in 1 year.

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12
Q

How old is the Universe?

A

13.8 billion years old

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13
Q

How many stars are in the Universe?

A

100’s of billions

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14
Q

How many galaxies are in the Universe?

A

Billions

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15
Q

How was the Universe created?

A

The Big Bang Theory

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16
Q

what is the Big bang theory?

A

Theory which explains the formation of the Universe.

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17
Q

Bing Bang theory explained:

A

Universe started as a single cosmic explosion 13.8 Billion Years ago
Matter was ejected from a tiny dense hot atom which eventually formed clumps of matter called galaxies

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18
Q

proof of expanding universe:

A

Microwave Background Radiation

Doppler Shift

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19
Q

Energy created by the Big Bang explosion ____ in all directoins

A

expanded

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20
Q

As a result of the Big Bang explosion….

A

radiation fills the entire universe uniformly in all directions.

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21
Q

Doppler effect:

A

Changing wavelength of light or sound based on the movement of objects.

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22
Q

Every element emits energy in the form of what?

A

electromagnetic waves.

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23
Q

We see different wavelengths of visible light as what?

A

different colors.

24
Q

Each element creates….

A

a unique spectrum of absorption lines. (Hydrogen)

25
Q

How can we tell the movement of
stars or galaxies are from us?

A

We can observe the absorption lines of Stars or Galaxies to see if they are moving toward or away from us.

26
Q

If the star or galaxy is moving away from us the absorption lines shift to what?

A

red, toward longer wavelengths.

27
Q

If the star or galaxy is
moving towards us,
the lines shift to what?

A

blue (shorter) wavelengths

28
Q

Light from nearly every star and galaxy in the universe is shifted to the red end of the spectrum (longer wavelengths) and this indicates what?

A

This indicates that most stars and galaxies are moving away from us. This proves the universe is expanding from the initial explosion.

29
Q

What are the two pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang Theory?

A

Microwave Background Radiation
Doppler Shift

30
Q

What are Galaxies?

A

Are collections of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.

31
Q

What kind of galaxy is the milky way?

A

a spiral galaxy

32
Q

Why do stars twinkle?

A

Light is bent as it encounters and passes through our atmosphere.

33
Q

Stars def:

A

Large ball of gas held together by gravity that produces tremendous amounts of energy.

34
Q

The sun is how many light minutes from earth?

A

8 light min

35
Q

Sun description:

A

Medium sized
Average Luminosity (Brightness)
Middle Aged (5 billion years old)
Yellow in color

36
Q

This average star is big enough to fit about how many earths across its diameter?

A

100

37
Q

Nuclear Fusion:

A

Process by which small elements combine to form larger elements.

38
Q

Our Sun fuses:

A

Hydrogen into Helium

39
Q

Nuclear fusion only occurs in extremely when and where?

A

high temperature and high pressure conditions, like the interior of the Sun.

40
Q

what is star classification based on?

A

Based on the stars Luminosity and Temperature

41
Q

Luminosity –

A

how bright a star is compared to the Sun, if all stars were the same distance from the observer.

42
Q

Temperature -

A

related to the color of the star
Blue – Hottest White Yellow Red - Coolest

43
Q

Stars are born in interstellar clouds of dust and gas (Hydrogen) known as what?

A

Nebulae

44
Q

nebulae originate from what?

A

the Big Bang or from stars that have since exploded.

45
Q

Stellar evolution:

A

Gravity causes dust and gas particles to clump together.
When the mass of these balls of gas and dust become large enough, the core temperature and pressure is great enough to start nuclear fusion.
After fusion begins, the star shines, radiates light, and a star is born.

46
Q

Main sequence stars edscription:

A

Young Stars
About 90% of all stars are Main Sequence Stars
The bigger these stars are the brighter and hotter larger they are.

47
Q

what do most stars like our sun with an average initial mass become?

A

giants

48
Q

giant star descriptions:

A

Red, orange, and yellow
They have a diameter that is 10 to 100 times the size of the Sun, which results in a greater luminosity.

49
Q

Planetary Nebula description:

A

Outer layers of the star drift off into space.
Star will lose most of its mass and cool/shrink.

50
Q

White Dwarfs description:

A

Not necessarily white in color.
About the size of the Earth. (very small)
They are low in luminosity and represent the last shining stage of small to medium mass stars.

51
Q

What do stars with a larger initial mass become?

A

super giants

52
Q

super giant description:

A

These stars are between 100 and 1000 times larger in diameter then the Sun.
These stars are the most luminous..

53
Q

Supernovae:

A

Explosion of massive stars due to its own gravity collapsing on the core.

54
Q

what happens After a Supernovae?

A

After a supernova the star can turn into a black hole or a neutron star (depending on its mass)

55
Q

Black Hole-

A

a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.

earth science (22 decks)

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