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UH-72 Lakota - 2022 > Weather academics + review > Flashcards

Weather academics + review Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Air is:

A

Dry air + Condensation Nuclei + Water Vapor

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2
Q

Troposphere height at equator:

A

ca. 60.000 ft

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3
Q

Troposphere height at the poles:

A

ca. 25.000 ft

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4
Q

3 reasons for the 3-cell theory of circulation:

A
  • Uneven heating of sun
  • Coriolis force
  • Tilt of earth
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5
Q

Low pressure on northern hemisphere rotates _____

A

Counter-clockwise

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6
Q

High pressure on northern hemisphere rotates _____

A

Clockwise

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7
Q

30* - 60* N latitude has primarily ______ winds.

A

Western

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8
Q

Where in the atmosphere does the weather occur?

A

Troposphere

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9
Q

4 types of heat transfer:

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Advection

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10
Q

Where would you find the strongest thermal current?

A

Over land surface during daylight hours

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11
Q

OLR is short for:

A

Observed Lapse Rate

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12
Q

How is heat transfered through radiation:

A

As electromagnetic waves

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13
Q

What is insolation?

A

The radiation comming from the sun to the earth

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14
Q

what is terrestrial radiation?

A

The radiation leaving earth into the space

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15
Q

A layer of air, characterized by increase in temp by altitude is called:

A

Temperature inversion

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16
Q

How is change in pressure depicted on a weather chart?

A

Isobars - Drawn 4 Mb apart

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17
Q

PGF short for

A

Pressure gradient force

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18
Q

PGF is defined as:

A

The rate at which air will accelerate depends on rate at which pressure changes with distance

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19
Q

Strong/Steep pressure gradient force is when:

A

Isobars are closely spaced together and there are stronger winds

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20
Q

Weak/flat pressure gradient force is when:

A

Isobars are separated further apart and the winds are more calm

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21
Q

at a high pressure situation the winds are moving ____ and ____ to the isobars, and ____ and ____ in low pressure situation

A

Clockwise , parallel

Counterclockwise , parallel

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22
Q

In theory, at what altitude stops surface friction?

A

2.000 ft AGL

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23
Q

When below 2.000 ft AGL how is the winds changed when surface friction is applied:

High Pressure:
Low pressure:

A
  • High pressure: The winds diverge out from the center

- Low pressure: The winds converge towards the center

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24
Q

High pressure on northern hemisphere is a (cyclone/anticyclone)

A

Anticyclone

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25
Low pressure on northern hemisphere is a (cyclone/anticyclone)
Cyclone
26
Left crosswind is an indication that you are flying towards:
Lower pressure
27
What is deposition?
When a gas goes to solid without being liquid first
28
What is sublimation?
When a solid goes to gas without being liquid first
29
How is flight performance affected by moisture in the atmosphere
Gives less air density which is not good for flying
30
Adiabatic process is described as:
When the temperature of a gas is changed without the addition or deletion of heat energy. (When air rises og falls and heats/cools because of the pressure changes)
31
Dry adiabatic lapse rate:
3*C/1000ft
32
Moist adiabatic lapse rate:
1.5*C/1000ft
33
LCL is short for:
Lifted condensation level
34
LFC is short for:
Level of free convection (when: rising air = ambient air)
35
Water droplets cooled below freezing, while still liquid is called:
Supercooled water droplets
36
Air being lifted over a mountain range will cool on the windward side and heat up as it moves downslope on the leeward side. this temperature change is a result of what process?
Adiabatic process
37
Level of free convection is what?
Where the rising air temperature is the same as the ambient air temperature
38
Level of condensation is what?
Rising air temperature is the same as the dew point temperature and clouds are formed
39
If lifting occurs, air with high moisture content tend to be more _____ than dry air (stable/unstable)
Unstable
40
What conditions should be present to determine if a front i present
``` Temperature change Dew point Change Pressure change (fall then rise) Wind shift - approx 90* ```
41
Primal factors affecting how servere a front will be:
Slope Speed Moisture content Stability
42
What can you expect to see if a cold front is moving really fast?
A squall line
43
Wind blows _____ (from/to) a direction, and a front moves ____ (from/to) a direction?
From | to
44
Flight procedure for: | Cold front / squall lines
Land and wait
45
Flight procedure for: | Warm / stationary front
Prepare for alternate landing location
46
Flight procedure for: | frontal wave
Handle each front individually
47
Flight procedure for: | occluded front
Avoid the most servere weather which is generally located in an area 100 nm south or 300 nm north of the frontal intersection
48
6 Types of fog:
``` Radiation fog Advection fog Precipitation-induced fog Upslope fog Freezing fog Ice fog ```
49
What causes radiation fog?
Cooling of the air - Radiation cooling (requires a few knots og wind)
50
What causes advection fog?
Warm moist air moving over a cold surface (3-9kts wind)
51
What causes Precipitation-induced fog?
precipitation from precipitation falling through cool unsaturated air. Usually forms ahead a warm front og behind a cold front
52
What causes upslope fog?
Moist, stable air being lifted by sloping terrain
53
What causes freezing fog?
When supercooled droplets contact freezing surface
54
What causes ice fog?
Extremely cold temperatures and depositions (at around -30*C)
55
4 types of ice.
Rime ice Clear ice Mixed ice Frost
56
How is rime ice formed?
Formed from small supercooled water droplets
57
How is clear ice formed?
Formed from large supercooled water droplets
58
How is Mixed ice formed?
Formed as a combination of rime and clear
59
How is frost formed?
Formed through the process of deposition where vapor get in contact with a cold surface
60
4 Intensities of icing:
Trace Light Moderate Servere
61
Why can icing cause los of airspeed readings?
If Pito/static systems get iced
62
What is freezing rain?
Forms when rain droplets fall thru a frontal inversion into a layer of air with a subzero temperature. - Mostly seen in warm fronts
63
3 conditions fora thunderstorms to happen:
Unstable of conditionally unstable air High moisture content Lifting action
64
Air mass thunderstorm i caused by:
Surface heating
65
Orographic thunderstorm i caused by:
Terrain effects
66
In what front would the chance of thunderstorms be be greatest?
In an occlusion
67
3 stages of a thunderstorm building:
Cumulus stage Mature stage Dissipating stage
68
Regarding thunderstorms the cumulus stage is:
When the thunderstorm first starts to build. Updraft - no precipitation
69
Regarding thunderstorms the mature stage is:
When precipitation begins and turbulence becomes more servere
70
Regarding thunderstorms the dissipation stage is:
Then the cloud starts dissipating - Primarily downdraft
71
What is a microburst?
Short-lived powerful downburst associated with convective activity
72
Dry air consists off:
Oxygen Nitrogen Trace gasses (CO2 etc)
73
What is advection:
Horizontal transfer of heat
74
Two types of temperature inversion:
Nocturnal and frontal inversion
75
Cause of frontal weather:
Lifting warm air over cold air
76
Which front has temperature inversion
All of them
77
Winds of either side of a stationary front blows:
parallel and opposite
78
When a cold air behind the cold front overtakes the cool air in front of the cold front you get a (cold/hot occlusion)?
Cold occlusion
79
Conditions that form fog
- Small t/d change - Condensation nuclei - Light surface wind - Cooling land surface
80
When is a dry microburst most likely to occur
Summer at noon under a cumulus with virgo present

UH-72 Lakota - 2022 (42 decks)

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