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UH-72 Lakota - 2022 > Terrain Flight Operation (TFO) > Flashcards

Terrain Flight Operation (TFO) Flashcards

1
Q

During mission planning what should be considered when designating ingress/egress routes?

A

Ingress and Egress routes should always be different if possible

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2
Q

What is the primary determining factor in selection of the mode of terrain flight?

A

Enemy

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3
Q

When evaluating a hydrographic feature the most important characteristic from the standpoint of visual significance is?

A

The area size of the feature

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4
Q

A good rule of thumb to use is that “All roads have _____”

A

Wires

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5
Q

During mission planning what is a good use for aerial photographs?

A

Updating maps with current information, LZ, PZ and enemy locations

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6
Q

What is the best type of map to use for analyzing terrain and vegetation?

A

Topographic

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7
Q

What phase of flight is a joint operational (JOG) the preferred map to use?

A

Enroute

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8
Q

A stream that contains water less than 6 months of the year and has a width less than 25m is depicted by:

A

Single broken blue line

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9
Q

Define Nap of the earth:

A

Characterized by varying airspeed and as close the the earths surface as possible (for NVG training, altitude is further defines as wheels or skids 0-25ft above terrain or vegetation)

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10
Q

Define Contour:

A

Characterized by relative constant airspeed and varying altitude. (for NVG training, altitude is further defined as wheels or skids 25-80 ft above highest obstacle)

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11
Q

Define Low Level

A

Characterized by relatively constant airspeed and altitude. (for NVG training, altitude is further defined as wheels or skids between 80-200 ft above highest obstacle)

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12
Q

Which of the following would be considered as In-Flight contingencies that may be encountered?

A

Aircraft emergencies, system malfunction, lost comms, relief on station

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13
Q

The safest place to overfly wires in a non-hostile environment is:

A

At the wire pole/tower

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14
Q

Regarding the aviation mission planning system (AMPS), is “En-route map updates” a system feature?

A

No

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15
Q

AMPS information can be generated in what formats?

A

Electronig and/or printed

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16
Q

When applying the time/distance barrier is it necessary to know that for every 30 knots of airspeed the aircraft will travel _____ pr minute of flight.

A

1 kilometer

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17
Q

How many types of masking/unmasking are there?

A

3

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18
Q

Restricted area in View is a dominant factor in that type of terrain flight?

A

NOE

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19
Q

What are the four types of barriers used for terrain flight navigation?

A

Linear
Funnel
Point
Time/distance

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20
Q

In a non-tactical environment, what is the safest way to negotiate a wire crossing?

A

Above the pole of superstructure

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21
Q

When flying “Nap of the earth”, which navigation technique would NOT be appropriate based on the Factor of Geographic Orientation (Timing and sequence)?

A

Dead reckoning

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22
Q

How many modes of terrain flight are there?

A

3

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23
Q

What are the types of masking/unmasking?

A

Lateral
In-flight
Vertical

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24
Q

Why might railroad tracks or other linear features be difficult to see?

A

Vertical development og vegetation

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25
Q

Can laser be dangerous for a pilot?

A

YES

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26
Q

What is terrain flight?

A

Terrain flight is a tactic that uses terrain, vegetation, and manmade objects to mask A/C from visual, optical, thermal, and electromagnetic detection systems

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27
Q

Amps consists of: (5)

A

2 most important things:

  • Automated mission planning
  • Battle synchronization

Tactical planning
Mission management
Mission rehearsal

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28
Q

LOS is short for:

A

Line of sight

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29
Q

Stress factors when flying TFO: (4)

A
  • Increased work loads
  • Limited field of view using NVDs
  • Reduced visual acuity, viewing distances, and depth perception
  • More complex aircrew coordination
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30
Q

NOE is flown with ____ IAS and ____ altitude

A

Varying , varying

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31
Q

Contour is flown with ____ IAS and ____ altitude

A

Constant , varying

32
Q

Low altitude is flown with ____ IAS and ____ altitude

A

Constant , constant

33
Q

What limitations are there regarding to Terrain Flight? (3)

A
  • Increased stress factors
  • Increased workloads
  • Line of sight radio limitation
34
Q

Primary factor in the choice of mode for terrain flight is:

A

The enemy

35
Q

When should METT-TC be considered?

A

Throughout all phases of tactical operations

36
Q

At how many degrees do you want to cross major roads, railroads, hydrographic features etc?

A

at 90*

37
Q

Avoid planning route segments requiring over ____ degrees heading changes

A

60

38
Q

Whenever possible, plan en route altitudes at _____ - _____AGL to reduce risk ans avoid terrain flight hazards

A

200’ - 500’

39
Q

Why should you avoid flying over a large field?

A

Being seen

40
Q

Why should you avoid flying to a setting sun?

A

You can’t see

41
Q

Brightly light areas should not be overflownm, especially at night. why?

A

NVGs are not suitable for flying in lit condition, and the flare system can activate automatically

42
Q

VFR sectional scale:

A

1:500.000

43
Q

Joint operations graphic (JOG) scale:

A

1:250.000

44
Q

Topographic scale:

A

1:50.000

45
Q

Air Control point (ACP) should be:

A
  • Easily identifiable
  • Associated with heading change
  • 5-20 km apart
46
Q

What is a communications check point

A

An ACP that requires a Radio call

47
Q

Check point (CP) is what?

A

Landmark selected along or adjacent to flight route used to fix A/C’s positions
Identified by a circle on the map

48
Q

What should you avoid when selecting a CP? (4)

A
  • Near towns that may have grown in size
  • Near bright lights
  • Avoid using manmade objects as primary points
  • Within shadows cast by other features
49
Q

What is a start point:

A

Initial point on the route after which the course must be followed and airspeed/altitude should be set as desired for the mission

50
Q

What is a release point:

A

The last point on the route prior to reaching your objective

51
Q

TLOW is short for:

A
  • Tactical situation
  • Long-axis
  • Obstacles
  • Wind
52
Q

Where should a SP or RP be located in relation the PZ/LZ?

A

3-8 km from the pickup zone/landing zone to aid timing and navigation. Should not involve significant turning.

53
Q

What is a barrier

A

A feature which, when seen, indicates which a ACP, CP, or objective has been overflown

54
Q

4 barrier types:

A
  • Linear
  • Funnel
  • Point
  • Time/Distance
55
Q

What is a funnel barrer

A

To lineal features that cross each other

56
Q

How far away from the ACP, CP should a barrer be located if possible

A

3-8 km/nm away

57
Q

What is a contingency plan?

A

Backup plan used when objective has not been identified

58
Q

Pilot duties during TFO: (6)

A
  • Flight
  • Sig features
  • navigation instructions
  • radios
  • OPSEC measures
  • Crew duties
59
Q

Co-Pilot duties during TFO: (6)

A
  • Navigation
  • Hazard/obstacle avoidance
  • A/C heading, altitude, and airspeed changes
  • Rally terms
  • Radios
  • OPSEC measures
60
Q

What are the in-flight contingencies that may be encountered?

A

Aircraft emergencies, System malfunction, Lost communications, Relief on station

61
Q

Restricted area in view is a dominant factor in what typed of terrain flight?

A

NOE

62
Q

Essential equipment for the mission:

A
  • Maps
  • DOD FLIPs
  • Flashlight, NVD, supplementary lightning
63
Q

How is Vertical Masking/Unmasking performed?

A

Straight up over the vegetation for no more than 10 sec before down again

64
Q

How is Lateral Masking/Unmasking performed?

A

Sideways out from vegetation for no more than 10 sec before being back behind again

65
Q

How is in flight Masking/Unmasking performed?

A

While in flight, flying over vegetation for no more than 10 sec before down again

66
Q

Route selection process:

A
  • Enemy tactical navigation
  • Ease of navigation
  • Shortest route possible
67
Q

What are the two conditions of adverse weather that affect terrain flight:

A

Ceiling and visibility

68
Q

The CARDINAL rule regarding restricted visibility:

A

In adverse weather, never outfly your visibility

69
Q

When may a low ceiling be an asset?

A

When operating in an area with high enemy tactical air threat

70
Q

Restricted time in view is when:

A

Ground features emerge into into view and pass out of sight within a span of <1 min

71
Q

Oblique view of terrain is when:

A

Shapes of large features do not appear to the NOE aviator as on the map

72
Q

Which makes the best checkpints: Small ponds/lakes or Large ponds/lakes?

A

Large ponds/lakes

73
Q

Major consideration when selecting an areal checkpoint:

A

Vertical development

74
Q

Where should time tick marks be put on a given leg?

A

As depicted in the local SOP

75
Q

An objective card gives a detailed overview of what?

A

The “Objective area”

UH-72 Lakota - 2022 (42 decks)

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