Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

upt study material kronk > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

What is the composition of the Atmophere?

A

78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Height of the troposphere?

A

55K over equator, 28k over poles, 36k over USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is standard lapse rate?

A

Troposphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is isothermal lapse rate?

A

Tropopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is inversion lapse rate?

A

Stratosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the jet stream?

A

Just below tropopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Average height of tropopause in USA?

A

36k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Characteristics of stratosphere

A

Above tropopause
has temp inversion
flying is smooth with excellent vis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

standard temp lapse rate

A

2*c per 1000’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Average PSI at sea level standard day

A

14.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does pressure change as alt increases?

A

always decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 units of atmospheric pressure

A

in of hg or millibars 15c or 59f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Station pressure definition

A

atmospheric pressure measured directly at an airfield or other weather station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sea level pressure

A

pressure measured if the station would be at mean sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are ridges

A

high pressure good wx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are troughs

A

low px bad wx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the adjustable part of an altimeter called

A

kollsman window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Temperature affect altimeter error how?

A

cold air then normal plane is lower
warm air than normal plane is higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temp dev on altimeter error

A

11*C causes 4% Error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pressure change on altimeter error

A

high to low lookout below
low to high plenty of sky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Indicated altitude definition

A

alt as read on altimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

absolute altitude

A

agl alt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

true alt

A

alt referenced to mean sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pressure alt

A

alt above a standard datum plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

density alt

A

pressure alt corrected for non standard temperature deviations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is density alt measure

A

aircraft performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pennant
single barb
half barb speeds

A

50
10
5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

parts of station model

A

wind direction and speed
temp and dew point
sea level pressure
pressure change
sky cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

isobar definition

A

lines of equal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how far are isobars spaced on chart

A

4 millibars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

close isobars means what for winds and illustrate what

A

the pressure gradient force, the closer the isobars are together the higher they will be and higher wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Gradient winds definition

A

winds flow parallel to isobars due to coriolis force and turns air to the right
found above 2000’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

surface winds definition

A

found below 2000 agl friction, pressure gradient, coriolis all balance and winds flow at 45 across isobars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Average height of jet stream

A

30,000 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

average wind speeds for jet stream

A

100-150 but can be as high as 250

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

size of jet stream

A

1000-3000 miles long
100-400 miles wide
3000-7000 ft deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Local winds definition

A

systems tens of miles across to long thin geographic areas
like mountain ranges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is sea breeze

A

land heats fast, air rises and cold ocean air moves in to fill it 15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

land breeze

A

land cools faster than water and air flows from land to ocean at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

valley wind

A

day mountain slopes warmed and warms air which begins to rise. cool air settles down to the valley floor and pushes warm air up the mountain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

mountain wind

A

at night the cool mountain cools surrounding air which flows downhill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

dew point definition

A

temp where saturation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Relative humidity def

A

percent of saturation of air compared to max amount the air can hold at that temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

3 characteristics of precipitation

A

showers, continuous, intermittant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

showers definitions

A

starts, stops, changes intensity or sky conditions rapidly, associated with cumuliform clouds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

continuous definition

A

stady and changes intensity gradually, associated with stratiform clouds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

intermittent def

A

stops and starts at least once during the hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

types of precipitation

A

drizzle, rain, frozen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

low clouds def

A

surface to 6500 agl
can produce faster icing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

middle clouds

A

form between 6500 to 20K
prefix alto
vis can be poor icing common

51
Q

high clouds

A

20000 to 40K
cirro or contain word cirrus
no precip or icing hazard

52
Q

CB clouds

A

thunderstorms with heavy rain and mod turbulence

53
Q

Nimbostratus

A

heavy steady rain

54
Q

What is stable atmosphere

A

cold air lifted and then sinks back down to the ground

55
Q

What is unstable atmosphere

A

warm air lifted and continues to rise when lifting action removed

56
Q

Neutral stability

A

air that has the same temp as surrounding air remains at the point where lifting was removed

57
Q

4 methods of lifting

A

convergent
frontal
orographic
thermal

58
Q

flight conditions for stable atmosphere

A

cloud type - stratus
turbulence - smooth
visibility - poor
winds - steady
precip - steady
icing - rime

59
Q

Flight conditions for unstable atmosphere

A

cloud type - Cumulus
turbulence - rough
visibility - good
winds - gusty
precip - showery
icing - clear

60
Q

Air mass definition

A

large body of air that has essentially uniform temp and moisture in horizontal plane

61
Q

air masses are named by

A

moisture content, location, and temp with location most important

62
Q

front definition

A

discontinuity that forms between two adjacent air masses

63
Q

weather on either side of front is called

A

frontal zone

64
Q

3 characteristics of fronts

A

always in trough of low px
cold fronts move faster than warm
frontal passage accompanied by 90* shift in wind

65
Q

shallow fronts

A

produce cloudiness and steady precip

66
Q

steep fronts

A

produce showers and narrow bands of cloudiness

67
Q

cold fronts

A

produce thunderstorms
wind shifts from SW to NW

68
Q

Squall lines

A

line of violent thunderstorms dotted and dashed purple lines
50-300 miles ahead of cold front parallel

69
Q

Warm fronts

A

Warm air overrides cold air causes cloudiness and steady precip up to 500-700 miles ahead of surface front

winds shift from SE to SW

70
Q

Stationary front

A

wind has 180 shift

71
Q

Occluded front

A

cold front overtakes warm front
type depends on which temp stays on ground
180* wind shift
most severe weather 100 miles south to 300 north of frontal intersection

72
Q

Turbulence intensity classifications

A

light
mod
severe
extreme

73
Q

Duration of turbulence

A

occasional less than 1/3
intermittent- 1/3 to 2/3
continuous- more than 2/3

74
Q

4 Causes of turbulence

A

thermal
mechanical
frontal
wind sheer

75
Q

Clear air turbulence

A

usually in jet stream although any wind shear is CAT

76
Q

Thermal turb

A

also called convective

77
Q

mechanical turb

A

caused by passage of wind over obstructions

78
Q

mountain wave turb

A

winds blowing perp to mountain form standing waves

best determined by clouds

79
Q

rotor cloud

A

downwind and parallel to range

80
Q

cap cloud

A

covers mountain and dows not move

81
Q

lenticular cloud

A

form on leeward side of mountain from standing waves

82
Q

mountain wave turbulence intensities

A

50 knots at peak - extreme
up to 150 miles downwind - severe
up to 300 miles downwind - moderate

83
Q

how to avoid mountain wave turbulence

A

circumnavigate
fly 50% higher than peak
avoid all clouds
approach range at 45*

84
Q

2 main groups of icing

A

structural and engine

85
Q

icing types structural

A

clear, rime, mixed, frost

86
Q

engine icing

A

compressor icing and induction icing

87
Q

icing requirements

A

visible moisture
supercooled water
air and skin temp below freezing

88
Q

clear icing characteristics

A

0 to -10*c
large drops freeze slowly and assume shape of airfoil
cumulus clouds and unstable conditions

89
Q

rime icing characteristics

A

-10 to -20*C
small drops freeze instantly
statiform clouds

90
Q

mixed icing

A

combination of clear and rime
-8 to -15*c

91
Q

Frontal icing warm front

A

rime icing
low rate of accumulation and stratoform clouds

92
Q

frontal icing cold fronts

A

cumuliform clouds
clear icing
high rate of accumulation

93
Q

frontal icing occluded front

A

mixed clouds
mixed icing rime clear and mixed
rapid and heavy accumulation

94
Q

aerodynamic effects of icing

A

changes stall AOA

95
Q

Performance effects of icing

A

decreases lift thrust range
increases drag weight fuel consumption and stall speed

96
Q

Other effects of icing

A

pitot static system
inhibits control surface movement and antenna transmission

97
Q

Icing conditions

A

visible moisture
0 to -20*C

98
Q

How to get out of icing

A

climb or descend, anti ice or deice

99
Q

Types of antiice or deice equip

A

fluid
mechanical
heat

100
Q

fluid deice

A

lowers freezing point of water

101
Q

mechanical deice

A

rubber bladders on leading edge of airfoils

102
Q

Icing intensities reported by PIREP

A

trace
light
mod
severe

103
Q

prevailing visibility def

A

equaled or exceeded throughout over half of the horizontal circle, in statute miles and need not be continous

104
Q

slant range vis

A

distance on final which runway was in sight
must be reported on PIREP

105
Q

Runway visual range RVR

A

distance seen looking down runway from approach end
reported in feet or meters

106
Q

Obscurring phenomena

A

reported when visibility less than 6 miles
fog
haze
smoke
rain

107
Q

sky coverage

A

reported in eights

108
Q

ceiling

A

lowest broken or overcast layer in AGL

109
Q

Fog Definition

A

visible layer of moisture with vis less than 5/8 mile

110
Q

3 requirements for thunderstorm formation

A

moisture
unstable air
lifting action

111
Q

Thunderstorm hazards

A

turbulence
gust front
roll and wall clouds (wind shear)
hail
lightning
tornado

112
Q

microburst size

A

only 1/4 to 2.5 miles wide
5-10 minutes
from cumuliform cloud

113
Q

how to detect microburst

A

virga
rain shaft
severe thunderstorms
radar
low level wind shear alert system
pirep

114
Q

surface analysis charts

A

depict pressure centers, fronts, precip lines, not a forcast

115
Q

forecast prognosis charts

A

predicts positions of fronts, pressure centers, forecast wx

116
Q

nexrad radar

A

detects showers, tornados, hail size and location, areas of wind shear, gust fronts, microbursts

117
Q

satellite imagery types

A

infrared and visible

118
Q

sigmets

A

advise of potentially hazardous significant meteorological information other than convective activity

119
Q

convective sigmets

A

used only for thunderstorms, tornados, hail

120
Q

airmets

A

conditions of lower intensity than sigmets

121
Q

3 types of airmets

A

sierra (seen)
Tango (turbulence)
zulu (icing)

122
Q

When is atc required to solicit pirep

A

ceiling at or below 5000’
vis less than 5 miles
thunderstorms
light icing or greater
wind shear
mod turbulence

123
Q

when are pilots required to submit pirep

A

unusual forecast wx
wx on ifr
missed approach due to wx
wind shear
volcanic activity
laser activity
birds

upt study material kronk (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions