WATER Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cohesion

A

The attraction of like molecules to one another e.g. like molecules are the water molecules in the water drops

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2
Q

What is surface tension

A

Describes the cohesion between water molecules

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3
Q

What are hydrogen bonds

A

Formed by the hydrogen atoms of one molecule being attracted to the oxygen atoms on another molecule

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4
Q

What is the transpiration stream

A

Water moves up the xylem vessels as a continuous column due to cohesion tension. This allows water to move from the roots to the top of the tallest trees

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5
Q

Why does water have these properties

A

Because molecules are polar

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6
Q

What is a polar bond

A

A covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed
This causes the molecule to have a slight electrical dipole where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative

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7
Q

Where can hydrogen molecules form

A

Between water molecules (cohesion)
Between water molecules and other surfaces (adhesion)

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8
Q

Why is the sand hotter than the water

A

Water has a higher specific heat capacity

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9
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required to increase waters temperature by 1°C
Water = 4.2kJ/kg/K
Energy needed because of the strong cohesive bonds in water molecules require energy to break them apart

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10
Q

What is latent heat of fusion

A

Temperature remains constant as solid turns to a liquid

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11
Q

What is latent heat of vaporisation

A

Temperature remains constant as liquid turns to gas

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12
Q

Importance of latent heat capacity to living organisms

A

Animals that are able to sweat can keep cool as the water in sweat evaporates off the surface of the animal
Plants are cooled when water evaporates from their leaves via transpiration

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13
Q

Why is water a good solvent

A

Water is a good solvent for many substances found in living things
Because water is polar it is attracted to any other substance that is also polar
The positive and negative regions of the water molecules are attracted to the negative and positive regions of the solute molecules or ions

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14
Q

When can metabollic reactions occur

A

When the reactants are dissolved in water
Allows substances to be transported

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15
Q

What is a metabolite

A

Water molecules can also be involved in chemical reactions directly
E.g. condensation and hydrolysis

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