HIV Flashcards

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1
Q

Reverse transcriptase

A

A group of viruses (retroviruses) contain reverse transcriptase
It is used to turn viral RNA into DNA so it can be transcribed by host cell into proteins

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2
Q

HIV

A

HIV cnt replicate itself as it has no ribosomes and no DNA so it inserts its genetic material to instruct host cells to produce the components required to make new HIV

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3
Q

Which cells does HIV target

A

Helper T cells due to complementary pairing of attachment proteins with CD4 receptor

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4
Q

Describe the replication of HIV in a host cell

A
  1. HIV enters blood stream
  2. HIVs glycoprotein binds to CD4 protein on immune cells e.g. helper T cells
  3. Capsid fuses with cell membrane
  4. RNA and enzymes from HIV enter T helper cells
  5. Reverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA which is made of viral RNA
  6. DNA inserted into DNA of the host cell
  7. Viral DNA transcribed and translated into ribosomes in T cell to make viral proteins
  8. Helper T host cells make new HIV particles
  9. Particles break away from helper T cells wrapped in a piece of cell membrane, forming HIVs lipid envelope
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5
Q

AIDS

A

without helper T cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells arent activated
An immune response doesnt occur
Patients are susceptible to other infections and cancer

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6
Q

What are the 3 HIV drugs

A

Fusion inhibitors
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors

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7
Q

What do fusion inhibitors do

A

Blocks the fusion of HIV to host cell

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8
Q

What do reverse transcriptase inhibitors do

A

Stops viral RNA from being copied to DNA for protein synthesis

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9
Q

What do protease inhibitors do

A

Inhibit proteases used in synthesis of viral proteins

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