GENES AND GENETIC CODE

Question 1

what is a chromosome

Answer 1

hereditary information passed from one generation to the next, structure made from DNA

Question 2

what is a homologous chromosome

Answer 2

pairs of chromosomes with genes for the same features, in the same sequence

Question 3

what is a gene

Answer 3

a length of DNA that codes for a single protein

Question 4

what is an allele

Answer 4

different forms of a particular gene with different base sequence

Question 5

what are sister chromatids

Answer 5

the identical copies formed by DNA replication

Question 6

what is the genetic code

Answer 6

a set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells

Question 7

how many different amino acids are there

Answer 7

20

Question 8

what type of code is the genetic code

Answer 8

triplet code
as there are 3 bases per amino acid

Question 9

1st feature of the genetic code

Answer 9

degenerate- one amino acid can be coded for by more than one triplet
beneficial as it can provide protection against point mutations

Question 10

2nd feature of the genetic code

Answer 10

same triplet codes code for the same amino acids in every single living organisms

Question 11

3rd feature of the genetic code

Answer 11

non overlapping
each base is part of only one triplet

Question 12

what is a genome

Answer 12

the complete set of genes in a cell

Question 13

what is a proteome

Answer 13

full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce