EUKARYOTIC CELLS Flashcards
function of the nucleus
site of DNA replication and transcription and contains the genetic code
nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
nucleoplasm
chromatin - protein bound linear DNA
nucleolus - makes ribosomes
function of the mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration. contains the DNA to code for enzymes in respiration
double membrane
cristae - inner folded membrane
matrix - inside
contains its own DNA, proteins and lipids
function of the RER
rough endoplasmic reticulum
protein synthesis
cisternae - fluid filled folded membrane
ribosomes on the cisternae
function of the SER
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesizes and processes lipids and carbohydrates
cisternae
function of ribosomes
protein synthesis
70s - prokaryotes/mitochondria/chloroplasts
80s - eukaryotes
float free or attached to RER
made of proteins and RNA
no membrane
function of the golgi apparatus
processes and packages new lipids and proteins, makes lysosomes
cisternae
vesicles pinching off
function of lysosomes
fuse with vesicles releasing hydrolytic enzymes (lysozymes). break down worn out cells or organelles (autolysis)
sac of digestive enzyme
function of cell membrane
controls movement in and out of cells/organelles
phospholipid bilayer
proteins:
within (channel/carrier)
surface (antigens/receptors)
function of chloroplast
site of photosynthesis (grana and stroma)
flattened structure
double membrane
contains circular DNA and ribosomes
stroma - liquid found in these membranes contain enzymes
thylakoids stack to form grana and they are linked by a thin membrane lamellae
function of cell wall
strength to prevent a change in shape due to osmotic pressure
rigid structure
plants - mainly made of cellulose (microfibrils)
fungi - made of chitin (contains nitrogen)
function of cell vacuole
maintain pressure and keeps it rigid. temporary store of sugars and amino acids
membrane made of tonoplast
contains sap (weak solution of sugars and salts)
