War vs Revolution

Question 1

War- Politics

Answer 1

Crimea- led to emancipation and Zemstvo
Ruso-Japanese- played a role in bringing about 1905 Rev- subsequent October Manifesto and Duma
WW1- instability led to discontent and collapse of Czarism, and then PG
Civil War- established Lenin’s Bolshevik dictatorship
Cold War- Cuban Missile Crisis led to Khrushchev’s deposition

Question 2

Revolution- Politics

Answer 2

1905- forced first (albeit flawed) representative democracy and national assembly+ rights (political parties, trade unions, etc.)
February- dismantled Czarism, introduced demcoracy
October- introduced Bolshevism and established Communist Party as sole leaders of Russia- closed Constituent Assembly

Question 3

Politics- Evaluation

Answer 3

Revolution- most direct cause of two greatest political changes in Russia across the period
Strain of WW1 and failure in Japan led to the three revolutions- not the direct cause

Question 4

War- Agriculture

Answer 4

Crimea- led to emancipation
Ruso-Japanese- led to Stolypin’s reforms with October Manifesto
Civil War- peasants seizing lands, Green forced, grain requisitioning, famine
WW2- devastation of countryside, anticipation of war led to collectivisation
Cold War- Virgin Lands Scheme

Question 5

Revolution- Agriculture

Answer 5

1905- Stolypin’s reforms- end of redemption payments and peasant passports, peasant citizenship introduced
February- None
October- collapse of gentry and peasants seizing land- Decree on Land

Question 6

Agriculture- Evaluation

Answer 6

War- effect of Crimea on emancipation and WW2 on peasant life outweighs changes brought about by February or October
1905 was significant- narrower difference than for Politics

Question 7

War- Industry

Answer 7

Ruso-Japanese- economic reforms from Stolypin
Civil War- War Communism
WW2- anticipation of war led to industrial focus on military equipment in 1930s
Cold War- focus on military equipment and space technology

Question 8

Revolution- Industry

Answer 8

1905- establishment of trade unions with Stolypin
February- None
October- establishing of worker welfare as a government priority, brief worker ownership of factories

Question 9

Industry- Evaluation

Answer 9

War- anticipation and effects significantly changed priorities of industrial production