1444-61 Timeline

Question 1

Battle of Mortimer’s Cross

Answer 1

February 1461- March routs Lancastrians in revenge for York’s death (Parhelion)
Yorkist Victory

Question 2

Suffolk imprisoned

Answer 2

January 1450- accused of manipulating king, unpopular due to losing French lands, his clique (Say, Moleyns) being granted land- Moleyns killed in Portsmuth

Question 3

Battle of Wakefield

Answer 3

December 1460- York, Rutland and Salisbury killed- York succeeded by March (E4)
Lancastrian Victory

Question 4

York claims throne

Answer 4

October 1460

Question 5

York’s first protectorate

Answer 5

March 1454- appoints brother in law Salisbury chancellor, reforms navy, appoints himself captain of Calais, Somerset imprisoned in tower

Question 6

York reduces profligate expenditure from 24k in 1450 to 5k in

Answer 6

1455

Question 7

H6’s illness begins

Answer 7

August 1453- falls into unresponsive trance

Question 8

Rout of Ludford

Answer 8

October 1459- Yorkists overrun after defections- York, Salisbury, Warwick and Edward Earl of March flee
Lancastrian Victory

Question 9

Henry VI £375,000 in debt

Answer 9

1450

Question 10

Assassination attempt on Warwick

Answer 10

1456

Question 11

Attack on Fougeres

Answer 11

March 1449- Failed attack, Rouen lost, Suffolk charged with treason

Question 12

Parliament of Devils

Answer 12

December 1459- Margaret orders death for Yorkists and Warwick- seizes land, goods, disinherits heirs- highly unpopular due to severity

Question 13

Warwick invades King’s council

Answer 13

1458- having been accused of piracy after attacking Hansa Fleet of Lubeck, invades council with 600 armed men, flees to Calais, sacked as Captain, failed assassination attempt

Question 14

First Battle of St Albans

Answer 14

May 1455- Somerset tried to avoid battle- killed along with Northumberland and Clifford
Yorkists capture Henry
Yorkist victory

Question 15

Act of Accord

Answer 15

October 1460- York made heir to throne, Edward PoW disinherited

Question 16

Battle of Northampton

Answer 16

July 1460- Buckingham defeated and killed by Warwick- Henry captured by Yorkists, Margaret and EPoW escape
Yorkist victory

Question 17

Suffolk made Lord Chancellor

Answer 17

1447- evidence of favouritism of clique

Question 18

Battle of Towton

Answer 18

March 1461- Yorkist victory with 50k troops- Margaret, H6 and EPoW flee to Scotland
Yorkist Victory

Question 19

York puts forward Act of Resumption

Answer 19

1456- hated by nobles

Question 20

Somerset and York arrive in London

Answer 20

September 1450- Somerset returns from France, York from Ireland- arrives in London with 3k retainers and Warwick- Somerset tries to arrest York, almost killed by mob, nobility split between two

Question 21

Loveday

Answer 21

March 1458- Henry orchestrates useless ritual of ‘unity’

Question 22

Treaty of Tours

Answer 22

1444- treaty with French, gave Maine, established 5 year peace. Unpopular, Suffolk criticised

Question 23

Normandy lost to French

Answer 23

April 1450- following disastrous attack on Fougeres- Suffolk had failed to build defences, Somerset surrendered

Question 24

Battle of Ferrybridge

Answer 24

March 1461- precursor to Towton, Clifford killed
Yorkist Victory

Question 25

York's second protectorate

Answer 25

1455-56- lowers debts, eases tensions between Bonvilles and Courtenays, stopped Exeter and Percys taking city of York

Question 26

Prince Edward born

Answer 26

October 1453

Question 27

Cade's Rebellion

Answer 27

May & June 1450- started in Kent, pillaged London protesting against taxes and 'evil councillors'- Say and Crowmer killed, Suffolk's clique, in charge of Kent, which had been scapegoated for Suffolk's death

Question 28

Second Battle of St Albans

Answer 28

February 1461- Warwick defeated, Henry recaptured by Lancastrians Lancastrian victory

Question 29

Somerset released from Tower

Answer 29

February 1455

Question 30

Henry recovers

Answer 30

January 1455

Question 31

Suffolk released

Answer 31

May 1450- Released and exiled, executed by pirates in straits of Dover

Question 32

Harvest of Heads

Answer 32

1451- execution of Cade's rebels

Question 33

Edward IV sworn in as King

Answer 33

March 1461- before Ferrybridge and Towton

Question 34

Dartford Coup

Answer 34

March 1452- York- having sworn loyalty to H6- gathers army and nobility (Buckingham, Warwick, Salisbury) against Somerset- outnumbered at Dartford, fails to unseat Somerset Lancastrian victory

Question 35

Somerset made Captain of Calais

Answer 35

1451

Question 36

Battle of Blore Heath

Answer 36

September 1459- Audley intercepts Salisbury and is killed- Yorkist victory

Question 37

Edward IV crowned

Answer 37

June 1461