Khrushchev

Question 1

DeStalinisation +

Answer 1

Agricultural reforms- Virgin Lands Scheme, ended Cult of Personality, ended purges and complete authoritarianism, more focus on welfare of citizens, Rehabilitation, Secret Speech, Stalingrad renamed, Stalin reburied. Far fewer political arrests- only 11k in 1960, 8-9 million charges overturned, freedom of publicity

Question 2

DeStalinisation -

Answer 2

Foreign policy remained aggressive, centralised government. Economy remained the same with Five Year Plans, forced labour still a central component of economy
Administrative repression instead of physical repression- Hungary
Religious repression

Question 3

Did reforms improve lives (not economy) +

Answer 3

DeStalinisation- rehabilitation, no purges, etc.
36 mln hectares of Virgin Land
Living Conditions- housing stock doubles from 55 to 64, washing machines 77fold, TVs 640%, refrigerators tenfold, retail trade twofold from 55 to 66
Minimum wage, 1956, household income increased 3% per year, taxation made easier, debts cancelled, Rehabilitation
105 Sovnarkhozy- regional economic councils founded- local administration
Popular legal reforms, more representation of national minorities in Politburo (Brezhnev, Petrovsky)

Question 4

Economic Reforms +

Answer 4

Economy- national income increased 58%, industrial output 84%, consumer goods 60% from 59-65
Coal increased 48%, wool 47%, tractors 156%, crude oil 243% from 55 to 65
Wheat increased 50%, milk 69% from 50 to 60, meat 87% from 53 to 60, grain 57% from 54 to 58

Question 5

Reforms -

Answer 5

Virgin Lands Scheme failed- topsoil blown away. Fusion of Nations policy crushed national identity- Kyrgyz became a minority in own nation. Villages bulldozed for agriculture, Khrushcheby, thousands dead in Kazakhstan from nuclear testing
Religious repression- 12k mosques demolished

Question 6

Cold War +

Answer 6

De escalated tensions with Destalinisation
Successful in Space Race

Question 7

Cold War -

Answer 7

Berlin crisis
Shot down U2 spy plane
Cuban missile crisis led to deposition

Question 8

Nationalities +

Answer 8

More representation in Politburo- 18.5% are Ukrainian and Belarussian in 61 compared to 6.8% in 52, Petrovsky and Brezhnev
Crimea given to Ukraine in 54
Khrushchev restates Leninist ideals on nationality- 1957 Rehabilitation
Good policy for Belarussians and Ukrainians

Question 9

Nationalities -

Answer 9

Fusion of Nations policy and Second Mother Tongue program- Russian taught in schools
National character crushed- Kyrgyz made up 41% of Kyrgyzstan, down from 52% in 39
Mass migration due to Virgin Lands Scheme leads to nationalities being minorities in their own regions
Volga Germans did not benefit from rehabilitation
Religious repression- 2/3 of orthodox churches, 12k mosques demolished