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Government Turning Points Flashcards

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1
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Alexander II 1881 +

A

If Loris Melikov Plan had gone through, power of Czar would have been limited

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2
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Alexander II 1881 -

A

Assassination of A2 prevented future potential reform- not a stop to ongoing events

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3
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Alexander II 1881 +

A

Loris Melikov plan for national assembly not introduced- A3 dashed any hopes
If not for assassination, a representative democracy may have been introduced, revolution may have been avoided, etc.

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4
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Alexander II 1881 -

A

Duma was introduced 24 years later- assassination only delayed the inevitable, only prevented hypothetical future reform

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5
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
Alexander II 1881 +

A

None

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6
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
Alexander II 1881 -

A

Caused little difference in most areas- life remained practically the same

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7
Q

Alexander II 1881 Evaluation

A

Ideology/Role of Individual- Minimal change- 6th
Operation/Structure of Government- Minor change- 5th
Methods of control/Political freedoms- No change- 6th
Overall- 6th

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8
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
1905 Revolution +

A

First introduction of representative democracy at a national level

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9
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
1905 Revolution -

A

Democracy given very limited- flawed voting system, Nicholas still an autocrat

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10
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
1905 Revolution +

A

National Duma- first representative democracy, political parties introduced, could have offered a path towards western style parliamentary democracy

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11
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
1905 Revolution -

A

Democracy very limited, only lasted 12 years

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12
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
1905 Revolution +

A

Representative democracy for the first time, trade unions, free speech, etc.

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13
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
1905 Revolution -

A

Very brief, virtually all political rights later removed by Communists

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14
Q

1905 Rev Evaluation

A

Ideology/Role of Individual- Little change- 5th
Operation/Structure of government- clear change- 4th
Methods of control/Political freedoms- major change, albeit brief- 3rd
Overall- 3rd

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15
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Feb Rev +

A

Czarism collapsed- end of centuries old system of monarchy, necessary precursor to Oct Rev
Replaced with Provisional Govt.- committed to move towards western style democracy

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16
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Feb Rev -

A

Very brief- ideology changed to democracy, but never actually took hold (Constituent Assembly never assembled)

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17
Q

Operation/Structure of Govt.
Feb Rev +

A

Czarism collapsed- replaced with democratic assembly rather than monarchy

18
Q

Operation/Structure of Govt.
Feb Rev -

A

Very brief, never in practice, only a short intermission in between authoritarianism

19
Q

Methods of control/Political Freedoms
Feb Rev +

A

Commitment to wide ranging rights, e.g. freedom of speech, voting rights, freedom for political prisoners, disbandment of secret police

20
Q

Methods of control/Political Freedoms
Feb Rev -

A

Very brief, short intermission between authoritarianism

21
Q

Feb Rev Evaluation

A

Ideology/Role of Individual- significant change- 2nd
Operation/Structure of government- entire change (brief)- 1st
Methods of control/Political freedoms- significant change (brief)- 1st
Overall- 1st

22
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Oct Rev +

A

Introduced Communist dictatorship that would last until end of period

23
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Oct Rev -

A

Return to authoritarianism- PG only interlude

24
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Oct Rev +

A

Ended possibility of western style democracy, introduced dictatorship

25
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Oct Rev -

A

Simply a return to autocracy, PG just an interlude

26
Q

Methods of Control/Political freedoms
Oct Rev +

A

Suppression of freedoms e.g. closure of Constituent Assembly, creation of one party state, use of Cheka

27
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
Oct Rev -

A

Secret police returned rather than introduced, PG just an intermission

28
Q

Oct Rev Evaluation

A

Ideology/Role Of Individual- significant, durative change- 1st
Operation/Structure of Government- entire change- 2nd
Methods of control/Political freedoms- some change- 2nd
Overall- 2nd

29
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Stalin’s accession +

A

Creation of Cult of Personality

30
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Stalin’s accession -

A

No change to original Bolshevik ideology, Cult Of Personality mirrors Czarism, effects not immediate

31
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Stalin’s accession +

A

Stalin created a totalitarian state, complete control over all aspects of politics and society

32
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Stalin’s Accession -

A

Effects not immediate, significant features of government remained- ideology, one-party state, no democracy

33
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
Stalin’s accession +

A

Introduced complete totalitarianism and repression on a much larger scale

34
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
Stalin’s accession -

A

Secret police already existed, Stalin just extended it, effects not immediate

35
Q

Stalin’s Accession Evaluation

A

Ideology/Role of Individual- evident change- 4th
Operation/Structure of Government- small change- 3rd
Methods of control/Political freedoms- some change- 3rd
Overall- 4th

36
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Khrushchev and Destalinisation +

A

Cult of Personality dismantled, Khrushchev less authoritarian- forced into retirement

37
Q

Ideology/Role of Individual
Khrushchev and Destalinisation -

A

Much of dictatorship remained the same- ideology, one party state

38
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Khrushchev and Destalinisation +

A

Politics became less violent- Khrushchev forced into retirement, not executed

39
Q

Operation/Structure of Government
Khrushchev and Destalinisation -

A

Still a one party state, no democracy

40
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
Khrushchev and Destalinisation +

A

Stalin’s systems of repression largely dismantled e.g. gulags closed, only 11,000 political prisoners by 1960

41
Q

Methods of control/Political freedoms
Khrushchev and Destalinisation -

A

Repression still present- secret police

42
Q

Khrushchev and Destalinisation Evaluation

A

Ideology/Role of Individual- Significant change
Operation/Structure of Government- some change
Methods of control/Political freedoms- little change

History (20 decks)

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