war in the Pacific Flashcards
totalitarianism in Japan
what happened in the late 1920s in terms of power in Japan and what happened in 1931 to the government?
power in Japan shifted to hard line militarists who later dominated the Japanese government in 1931
totalitarianism in Japan
1931- Japan invades ________
Manchuria
totalitarianism in Japan
what was the result of Japanese forces landing at Shanghai in 1932 and in 1937 do a multi pronged attack?
full-scale war commences
Japanese rape of Nanjing
how many were killed in 1937 with full-scale war in Nanjing?
300 000 in early December
Japanese rape of Nanjing
what happened on December 13?
population of Nanjing was subjected to uncontrolled butchery known as the Japanese rape of Nanjing
Japanese rape of Nanjing
as Japanese poured into the city, what happened to fleeing citizens and members of the Chinese army?
citizens: were shot or bayonetted / army: were captured and brought to killing fields
Japanese rape of Nanjing
what happened at the killing fields?
they were shot, beheaded, used for bayonet practice, or killed in some other gruesome manner before being dumped into mass graves- thousands were buried alive
Japanese rape of Nanjing
what happened to thousands of women?
raped, brutally forced into sex, murdered afterwards
Pearl Harbour
what happened on December 7, 1941?
Japan bombs Pearl Harbour, an American naval base in Hawaii
Pearl Harbour
why did Japan attack Pearl Harbour?
they wanted to expand its empire in the Pacific and viewed the American’s growing naval strength as a possible obstacle
Battle of Hong Kong
what happened 8 hours after Pearl Harbour?
Japan attacks the British territory of Hong Kong
Battle of Hong Kong
who was involved in the battle (Canada vs Japan)?
1975 young, inexperienced Canadian soldiers and 2 nurses in Hong Kong vs 50 000 battle hardened Japanese soldiers
Battle of Hong Kong
what was the result of Japanese soldiers capturing the airport?
eliminating all hope for air support and reinforcements
Battle of Hong Kong
when did Canadians surrender?
Black Christmas (December 25 1941)
Battle of Hong Kong
what happened to the 1685 Canadians who survived?
were sent to POW camps where conditions were rough- 260+ Canadians dead
Japanese Internment
pre war- ________ Japanese Canadians lived in BC
22 096
Japanese Internment
what was Canada’s reaction to Pearl Harbour and Hong Kong?
Canada took Japanese Canadians’ rights away
Japanese Internment
what happened on February 24, 1942 to all male Japanese Canadians aged 18-45?
were taken to camps in the interior of BC
Japanese Internment
what happened within 24 hours of sending all Japanese males away?
all Japanese Canadians had 24 hours to pack up and move inland
Japanese Internment
what happened on March 4th to all Japanese Canadians and why?
ordered to turn over their property and belongings to the Custodian of Enemy Alien Property as a “protective measure only”- but most never saw their possessions again
Japanese Internment
after the war, Japanese Canadians were encouraged to _______________
leave Canada
Japanese Internment
what happened to the Japanese Canadians who stayed in Canada?
were not allowed to return to Vancouver until 1949
Japanese Internment
what was the government apology in 1988?
a total of $12M ($21 000 to each internee)
the war in Europe ends
what did other Allies do as Canadian forces freed the Netherlands and marched into northern Germany?
converged on Berlin
the war in Europe ends
when did Hitler commit suicide?
on April 30 as Soviet forces entered the city
the war in Europe ends
what happened on May 5, 1942?
ceasefire declared
the war in Europe ends
what happened on May 7, 1942?
German forces surrendered unconditionally
the war in Europe ends
what happened on May 8, 1942?
Allied leaders declared this day Victory in Europe Day
war continues in the Pacific
Japan fought in _____________ and the _______
southeast Asia / Pacific
war continues in the Pacific
Japan occupied _____ (now Myanmar), much of ______, and the _________
Burma / China / Philippines
war continues in the Pacific
until when did the Allies have no success in stopping Japanese expansion?
until the US entered the war in 1941
war in the Pacific
who dominated war in the Pacific?
Americans
war in the Pacific
slowly, the Allies began to win back the ___________ occupied by Japan
Pacific islands
war in the Pacific
with the war over, the Allies could completely focus on ______
Japan
war in the Pacific
by July 1945, ______ Canadians had volunteered to fight in the Pacific and planned to send ___ naval vessels
80 000 / 60
war in the Pacific
why were the 80 000 Canadian volunteers and 60 naval vessels unneeded?
the Manhattan Project
the Manhattan Project- atomic bomb
what was the Manhattan Project?
code for top secret American- British- Canadian project- the atomic bomb
the Manhattan Project- atomic bomb
who created the Manhattan Project?
American Robert Oppenheimer
Canada’s participation
which area provided uranium and where was the uranium refined?
obtained from Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories; refined in Port Hope, Ontario
Canada’s participation
Montreal: Canadian and British scientists work together to figure out how to _________________________
effectively use the uranium to make the bomb work
American involvement
how did US Air Force reach Japan?
used bases on the recently recaptured Pacific Islands
American involvement
what happened March-August, 1945?
Americans firebombed 58 Japanese cities
American involvement
what were the casualties of the American firebombing?
84 000 (mostly civilian)
American involvement
what was Japan’s reaction to American firebombing?
does not give up
the Atomic Bomb
which US president decides to use the atomic bomb?
Harry Truman
the Atomic Bomb
which bomber dropped the first atomic bomb?
the Enola Gay- American B-29 bomber
the Atomic Bomb
what was the name of the 1st bomb?
Little Boy
the Atomic Bomb
when did Little Boy hit Hiroshima?
at 8:16am on August 6
the Atomic Bomb
how many were instantly killed by Little Boy?
70 000
the Atomic Bomb
when and why did the Americans drop another atomic bomb?
3 days after bomb #1- Japan looks like they will continue to fight
the Atomic Bomb
what was the name of the 2nd bomb?
Fat Man
the Atomic Bomb
where did Fat Man hit?
port of Nagasaki
the Atomic Bomb
70 000
the Atomic Bomb
by 1950, how many had died from effects of the bombs?
around 400 000 people
results of the Atomic Bomb
when did the Japanese government sue for peace?
the day after the Nagasaki bombing
results of the Atomic Bomb
what happened August 14, 1945?
Japan unconditionally surrenders
results of the Atomic Bomb
what happened August 14, 1945?
WW2 is officially over
results of the Atomic Bomb
what day was August 14, 1945?
Victory over Japan Day
