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10 history > after ww2 > Flashcards

after ww2 Flashcards

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1
Q

espionage

western countries were unsure about their _______ alliance

A

Soviet

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2
Q

espionage

which promises did Stalin break?

A

all the promises made at Yalta, Ukraine in February 1945

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3
Q

espionage

what did western countries gather information about?

A

their “ally”

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4
Q

espionage

what type of secret intelligence was gathered?

A

government production, military productivity, capability, movements

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5
Q

espionage

who needed espionage?

A

essential for all countries involved in the Cold War

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6
Q

Gouzenko Affair

who was Igor Gouzenko?

A

worked in Ottawa for Soviet military intelligence

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7
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what did Gouzenko reveal?

A

a Soviet spy network operating in Canada, Britain, US

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8
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what did Gouzenko claim Soviets were doing?

A

developing a network for ww3

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9
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what helped prove Gouzenko’s claims?

A

he had smuggled 100 documents out of Soviet Embassy

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10
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what did Gouzenko testify about Canadian spies?

A

they had been giving nuclear weaponry information to Soviets

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11
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what did the Gouzenko Affair lead to and what did the government use to justify it?

A

arrest of several Canadians; government used War Measures Act to detain and question without charge

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12
Q

Gouzenko Affair

how many people were eventually charged?

A

20

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13
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what was the result of the Gouzenko Affair?

A

put immediate end to plans for the UN to control nuclear arms

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14
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what would the US build in retaliation?

A

arsenal of nuclear weapons for defense

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15
Q

Gouzenko Affair

what did the affair lead to?

A

suspicion and paranoia

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16
Q

Gouzenko Affair

who was a suspect?

A

anyone connected with communism/ socialist leanings

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17
Q

Arms Race

what did the Soviet Union announce on September 23, 1949?

A

that it had detonated its first atomic bomb 2 months ago

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18
Q

Arms Race

what did western governments do in defence from the Soviets?

A

western governments stockpiled nuclear weapons

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19
Q

Arms Race

why wouldn’t countries attack each other?

A

in fear of MAD

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20
Q

Arms Race

what was MAD?

A

mutually assured destruction

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21
Q

NATO

what was NATO?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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22
Q

NATO

which countries considered an alliance in the fall of 1948 and why?

A

US, Canada, other European countries to prevent further Soviet expansion

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23
Q

NATO

what did Canada push for the agreement to do?

A

not only protect members from communist attack but also bind in peaceful coexistence

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24
Q

NATO

what was the Canada clause?

A

maintain peace through economic relationship

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25
Q

NATO

when was the agreement effective?

A

August 24, 1949

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26
Q

Warsaw Pact

what did NATO vote for in 1954?

A

NATO voted to allow west Germany to join alliance, and rearm

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27
Q

Warsaw Pact

what did the Soviets do in response to NATO?

A

created alliance to mirror NATO

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28
Q

Warsaw Pact

what happened in 1955 in Warsaw, Poland?

A

Soviet Union and 7 European countries met in Warsaw, Poland, to sign Warsaw Pact

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29
Q

Warsaw Pact

what could members of the Pact not do?

A

could not withdraw from Warsaw Pact

30
Q

Warsaw Pact

what did members of the Pact agree to do?

A

aid any member under attack

31
Q

UN Charter

who discussed the Charter on August 14, 1941?

A

Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill

32
Q

UN Charter

what was the plan for the UN Charter?

A

for international cooperation; would end war

33
Q

UN Charter
6 months later, 26 Allied nations signed that they would not ______________________________ and to not ______________________________

A

break ranks to negotiate peace with Axis Powers / increase territory at expense of enemy

34
Q

UN Charter

who met in San Francisco June 1945 and why?

A

delegates from 50 countries (representing 80% of the world’s population) to create United Nations

35
Q

UN Charter

what did the United Nations aim for?

A

just and peace

36
Q

Korean War

who ruled Korea?

A

had been ruled by Japan- Japanese empire collapsed after the war; Soviet Union occupied North Korea and made it communist

37
Q

Korean War

what did North Korea want to invade in 1950 but what was the issue?

A

South Korea which was occupied by the US

38
Q

Korean War

when did North Korea attack and when did they drive down South Koreans by?

A

June 25, 1950 / by September

39
Q

Korean War

what did the Soviets do when they did not want to fight the US?

A

armed North Korean army to take South Korea

40
Q

Korean War

what is a proxy war?

A

a war fought by one country but for and in the interest in another

41
Q

Korean War

what did Harry Truman do in reaction to the North Korean expansion and why?

A

Soviets were not directly involved in the invasion but Harry Truman saw this as Soviet expansion; called on UN Security Council to intervene

42
Q

Korean War

what did the UN force give to to South Korea?

A

“rendered every assistance”

43
Q

Korean War

what did Lester B Pearson contribute and why?

A

sent Canadian aid to South Korea- with the belief that the UN helped weaker states defend themselves

44
Q

Korean War

who led the UN attack, how long did it take, and what was the move after recapturing Seoul?

A

American general Douglas MacArthur led UN attack and recaptured Seoul in 2 months, then continued north

45
Q

Korean War

what would China not tolerate?

A

Americans at its border

46
Q

Korean War

what was the result of China’s intolerance of Americans?

A

UN was soon fighting Chinese troops at border and in 2 months were driven out of North Korea

47
Q

Korean War

what happened to Seoul?

A

ended up in communist control again

48
Q

Korean War

how did the UN retake Seoul?

A

stopped northern forces

49
Q

Korean War

how many Canadians were killed and wounded?

A

516 / 1000

50
Q

Korean War

when was the armistice reached?

A

July 27, 1953

51
Q

Korean War

what happened to Korean borders after the war?

A

remained mostly unchanged

52
Q

AVRO Arrow

what was Canada’s reaction to concern about Soviet attack?

A

Canada spends most money on military and defense for 15 years

53
Q

AVRO Arrow

what was developed in 1953?

A

new aircraft for Royal Canadian Air Force

54
Q

AVRO Arrow

which company would build the Arrow (CF-105)?

A

the AV Roe Canada

55
Q

AVRO Arrow

what was debuted on October 4, 1957 and what was it overshadowed by?

A

the presentation of the Arrow to the public and press was overshadowed by launch of Soviet Union’s Sputnik I

56
Q

AVRO Arrow

what was the Sputnik I?

A

first artificial satellite to be put into orbit around Earth

57
Q

AVRO Arrow

what did western scientists believe about satellite technology?

A

could lead to unmanned ballistic missiles

58
Q

AVRO Arrow

when was the Arrow program shut down?

A

February 20, 1959

59
Q

AVRO Arrow

how many employees were laid off?

A

more than 15 000

60
Q

AVRO Arrow

which jets did Canada eventually settle for?

A

US- bought Voodoo fighter jets

61
Q

Pugwash Movement

who was Bertrand Russell?

A

British mathematician, Nobel Prize winner, philosopher, social critic

62
Q

Pugwash Movement

what conference did Canadian philanthropist Cyrus Eaton hosted in Pugwash, Nova Scotia?

A

the Conference on Science and World Affairs

63
Q

Pugwash Movement

what did a group of well known and respected scientists and authors including Russell and Einstein publish in 1955?

A

“Notice to the World” manifesto

64
Q

Pugwash Movement

what was the “Notice to the World” manifesto?

A

campaign for nuclear disarmament

65
Q

Pugwash Movement

what conference did Russell organize in 1957?

A

a conference of scientists and public figures interested in reducing the risk of armed conflict

66
Q

Pugwash Movement

when did the Pugwash Organization earn a Nobel Peace Prize?

A

in 1995

67
Q

UN Declaration of Human Rights

what did John Peters Humphrey set up in 1946?

A

UN Division of Human Rights

68
Q

UN Declaration of Human Rights

when did the General Assembly adopted the declaration after fine tuning?

A

December 10, 1948

69
Q

UN Declaration of Human Rights

list rights of the Declaration

A

right to life and liberty
right to freedom of movement, thought, religion
freedom from slavery, torture, imprisonment without charge
right to education, to a fair trial, to equal pay for work of equal value
right to work, to join a union, to rest
right to a nationality

70
Q

UN Declaration of Human Rights

“all human beings are born __________ in ___________”

A

free and equal / dignity and rights

71
Q

UN Declaration of Human Rights

regardless of _______________________

A

race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status

10 history (68 decks)

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