French English relations Flashcards
what was Maurice Duplessis’ Fortress Quebec mentality?
agricultural way of life
Catholic church guiding the province
what changes did Jean Lesage introduce to Quebec?
modernizing
Jean Lesage
economic
manufacturing
hydroelectric
Jean Lesage
political
separation of church and state
Jean Lesage
social
education expanded
when was the Royal Commission of Bilingualism and Biculturalism?
1963
recommendations in regard to bilingualism
____________ and _______ should be bilingual
New Brunswick / Ontario
recommendations in regard to bilingualism
students should have the chance to ________________
study in either languages
recommendations in regard to bilingualism
more _____________ in government
French Canadian
recommendations in regard to bilingualism
in Quebec, French should be the first language of ____________________ and ___________
government, business, and workplace
who led Parti Quebecois and when was it formed?
Rene Levesque / 1968
what were the beliefs of Parti Quebecois?
proposed sovereignty through political means; opposed terrorism
when was the official languages act
1969
major happening under Trudeau
what did Trudeau guarantee the government would do?
speak both languages
major happening under Trudeau
what would federal money be used for?
to promote bilingualism
major happening under Trudeau
who did Trudeau pledge to provide government jobs for?
French Canadians
major happening under Trudeau
what was English Canadians’ reactions to the French treatment?
resented the special treatment of the French
what was the effect of the October crisis of 1970?
may have stopped separatist terrorism but it also left French Canadians deeply suspicious of the federal government
who proposed and passed Bill 101?
the newly elected Parti Quebecois and Levesque led government in 1977
which Bill did Bill 101 expand and what was the effect?
Bill 22 from 1974; asked to make French the sole official language in Quebec
Bill 101
what were the rights given to each citizen of Quebec?
right to speak French in all government related ministries
right to speak French in deliberative assemblies
right to operate in the workplace in French
right of consumers to be served and informed in French
right to be educated in French
when and what was the referendum?
1980- the culminating event of the French Separatist movement
what was the belief of the Proposed Sovereignty Association?
independent politically and connected economically
what was Trudeau’s opinion on the referendum?
campaign against
what was the result of the referendum in 1980?
60% no 40% yes
why did provincial premiers meet in Ottawa and work towards a compromise?
they were fearful of giving up provincial power
what were the reactions of Trudeau and Levesque?
Trudeau- unwilling to waver
Levesque- fighting for provincial power
Night of the Long Knives
why did Jean Chretien go door to door in the hotel in the middle of the night?
with his compromise
Night of the Long Knives
all the premiers signed except ________- why?
Levesque who was sleeping in Hull
Night of the Long Knives
Trudeau was forced to __________
sign the compromise
Night of the Long Knives
why did Levesque awaken to betrayal and disbelief?
the Constitution is going ahead without Quebec
what happened on December 2, 1981?
Parliament moved to repatriate the Constitution
when was the Constitution signed by the Queen?
March in 1982
when did Trudeau step down and who became the new Prime Minister?
1984; Brian Mulroney
what did Mulroney vow to do?
end the bitterness between English Canada and Quebec of the Constitution crisis
proposals of the Meech Lake Accord
Quebec be recognized as a _____________
“Distinct Society”
proposals of the Meech Lake Accord
provinces could opt out of federal programs if _____________
they created their own parallel services
proposals of the Meech Lake Accord
provinces could give say on ______________
Supreme Court appointments
proposals of the Meech Lake Accord
changes to Canada’s courts or creation of provinces would require _______________
all provinces to agree
proposals of the Meech Lake Accord
Quebec could control its own ______________
immigration policy
what did many groups led by PET think about the Meech Lake Accord?
it would cause Quebec to have too much power and the provinces to gain too much ability to interpret federal law
who killed the Meech Lake Accord and how?
Elijah Harper; waited out the deadline
who did Elijah Harper represent?
the native peoples in Manitoba
when was the deadline for the Accord?
June 23, 1990
who founded le Bloq Quebecois and when?
Lucien Bouchard; 1991
what was le Bloq Quebecois?
Quebec’s voice in the federal party
the Charlottetown Accord
how did Quebeckers view the defeat of the Meech Lake Accord?
as a snub of Quebec’s place in Canada
the Charlottetown Accord
polls in 1991 showed that ____ of Quebec wanted sovereignty
2/3
the Charlottetown Accord
Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa made a proposal to change the Constitution- what would the failure of this mean?
a referendum on sovereignty in Quebec
the Charlottetown Accord
which Prime Ministers led the “yes” and “no” sides on sovereignty in Quebec?
Mulroney yes; Trudeau no
the Charlottetown Accord
what right did the Accord add to the Meech Accord?
the right to natives to be self governing
the Charlottetown Accord
when was the Accord blocked- what was the poll?
October 1992; 54.4% voted no
the Charlottetown Accord
what was the result of the failure of the Accord?
Quebeckers were upset and natives were angered
Referendum 1995
who led the second referendum on Quebec Sovereignty?
Jacques Parizeau
Referendum 1995
when did Quebeckers vote again and what was the result?
October 1995; 50.6% voted no
when did the Clarity Act take place?
2000
rulings made by the Supreme Court in 1999
Quebec did not have the right to ______________
unilaterally separate from Canada
rulings made by the Supreme Court in 1999
who would Quebec would have to negotiate with to achieve independence?
the federal government, the nine other provinces, and the native peoples
rulings made by the Supreme Court in 1999
negotiations could only begin after a ________ with a _______________
referendum / clear question and clear majority outcome
