Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction To Health And Addiction Science > W9: What is Addiction? > Flashcards

W9: What is Addiction? Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Drug addiction is defined by… (3)

A
  1. ­Compulsion to seek out drug
  2. ­Loss of control in limiting intake of drug
  3. ­Negative emotions when access to drug is limited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is not drug addiction? (2)

A

­Occasional use of abusive drugs

­Does not reliably lead to addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of drug use (sometimes leads to each other) - (3)

A

­Occasional, controlled, or social use

­Drug abuse or harmful use

­Drug addiction (diagnosed in DSM-V + ICD-10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnosing addiction - DSM-IV

A

Categorised as substance abuse vs dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosing addiction - DSM-V (2)

A

Moving away from categories

Drug use is as a continuum from occasional use, abuse to addiction based on symptoms to categorise a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Substance abuse disorder is what DSM-V uses to categorise

A

addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DSM-V Diagnosing criteria - criteria, severity, mild, moderate, servere

A

­11 criteria for substance use disorders

­Severity based on number of criteria someone meets

­Mild = 2-3

­Moderate = 4-5

­Severe > 6 (above)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Substance use disorder and addiction

A

are same terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Substance use disorder = addiction (2)

A

­Levels of addiction can vary

­Addiction is process from controlled to compulsive use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Addiction as a disease - quitting is not enough! (2)

A

­Drugs have an impact on neural circuits in the brain

­Neurochemical changes persist after abstinence ( ­12% remain abstinent without treatment, ­30% remain abstinent with treatment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is at risk of drug addiction? (3)

A

­Adolescents and emerging-adults

  • ­12-29 years
  • ­Drugs change brain development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Different types of drugs of addiction (6)

A
  1. ­Opiates
  2. ­Cannabinoids
  3. ­Depressants
  4. ­Stimulants
  5. ­Hallucinogens
  6. ­Inhalants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Different types of drug of addiction - cannabinoids and hallucinogens (7)

A

­Cannabinoids

  • ­Marijuana

­Hallucinogens

  • ­LSD
  • ­Psilocybin (mushrooms)
  • ­Peyote
  • ­DMT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Differenr types of drug of addiction - depressants, nicotine and caffeine and stimulants - (8)

A

­Depressants

  • ­Alcohol

­Nicotine and Caffeine

­Stimulants

  • ­Caffeine
  • ­Nicotine
  • ­Amphetamines (e.g., meth)
  • ­Cocaine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Differenr types of drug of addiction - opioids (most narcotices) and inhlants - (8)

A

­Opioids (most narcotics)

  • ­Heroin
  • ­Codeine
  • ­Morphine

­

­Inhalants

  • ­Nitrous oxide
  • ­Aerosols
  • ­Paint thinners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What about non-drug addiction? (7)

A

­Similar behavioral symptoms as drug use

­Compulsive and rewarding activities

  • ­Sex/pornography
  • ­Gambling
  • ­Video games
  • ­Exercising
  • ­Tanning
17
Q

Non-drug addictions are often diagnoised as

A

personality disorder or OCD

18
Q

Non-drug addictions - DSM-5 addiction section focuses on

A

substance use with the expectation of gambling disorders

19
Q

Perceptions of behavioural vs drug addiction (5)

A

­Drugs addictions viewed as externally caused

­Behavioral addictions viewed as internally caused

  • ­Leads to stigma of those with behavioral addictions
  • ­May not seek treatment or acknowledge their addiction
  • ­May not feel motivated to attempt to change behavior
20
Q

Graph shift from positive to negative reinforcement (2)

A
  • Positive reinforcement addictive
  • Switch positive to negative reinforcement to not feel bad as developing withdrawal
21
Q

Stages of addiction (3)

A
  • Binge/intoxication
  • Withdrawal/negative affect
  • Preoccupation/anticipation
22
Q

Intoxication is the (5)

A

­Immediate effects of drug or behavior

­Often produce intense feelings of reward and impair:

  • ­Behavior
  • ­Cognition
  • Physiology
23
Q

Repeated intoxication dysregulates the reward system… (6)

A

­Repeated intoxication dysregulates reward systems

­Sensitivity to drug or behaviour develops (anticipatory reward)

­Reward systems adjust thresholds for what is deemed rewarding

­Tolerance develops for what is normally perceived as rewarding

  • ­Typical, everyday behaviors no longer meet reward thresholds
  • ­Only repeated use of drug or addictive behavior meets new threshold
24
Q

Intoxication - why the shift in reward threshold? (4)

A
  • ­Homeostasis occurs, assumes addictive behavior is CONSTANT
  • ­Reward systems do not like overstimulation, so expectations adjust
  • ­Now intoxication is what our body’s expect as the “new normal”
  • ­Without presence of intoxication, reward systems are underwhelmed
25
Q

Withdrawal (when we are not intoxicated)

occurs when (2)

A

cessation from drug use

physical dependence

26
Q

Symptoms of withdrawal - (4) - opposite of what the drug is doing

A

­Anxious

­Restlessness

­Nausea

­Headaches

27
Q

Symptoms of non-substance withdrawal

A

­Anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)

28
Q

Symptoms of substance Withdrawal (4)

A

­Typically opposite of drug’s effects

  • ­Alcohol = anxiety
  • ­Nicotine = depression

­Can sometimes be fatal (e.g., depressants, opiates)

29
Q

Withdrawal - more potenti stimulation is needed to feel reward (4)

A

­Changes in reward neurotransmitter called dopamine…

­Natural release of dopamine and number of receptors reduced

­Body is now reliant on external stimulation for dopamine release!

­So now that we are dependent on external stimulation…

30
Q

Craving is the desire to use a drug or engage in rewarding behaviour (2)

A

­Repeated intoxication restores “balance” to reward systems

­Only way to achieve “new normal” without prolonged abstinence

31
Q

Behavioural compulsions are

A

impulstivity linked to addictive behaviour

32
Q

Addiction can be measured:

A

Emotional Stroop

33
Q

Stroop effect (2)

A

Examines differences between automatic (reading) versus controlled (inhibition) processes in attention

State color of text, ignore the word presented

34
Q

Emotional Stroop (3)

A

­Participants sort the color of the word

­Words are either neutral or relevant to a behavior/emotion - smoking, tobacco

­Participants take longer to respond to word if it is relevant to them

35
Q

Example of emotional stroop

A
36
Q

Gross research (3) - emotional Stroop

A
  • Adult male smokers randomly assigned to nicotine abstinent for 12 hours or smoking normally for same period of time
  • Stroop task colour naming task (modified) asked to name colour of ink
  • Absent smokers took significantly longer to colour-name words related to cigarette smoking (e.g., Lighter) than to colour name neutral words (e.g., Pennat) - assess craving
37
Q

Attention bias - behavioural compulsions (3)

A

­Tendency to focus on rewarding stimuli

­Quicker and more intense processing of rewarding stimuli

­Can assess these biases using dot-probe and emotional Stroop

Introduction To Health And Addiction Science (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions