Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction To Health And Addiction Science > W4: Manipulating stress and fatigue > Flashcards

W4: Manipulating stress and fatigue Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The way we measure the immune system is the similar way we measure hormones

A
  • People saliva and blood to measure interleukin that cause fever and inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Measuring long term/chronic stress (2)

A
  • Difficult to measure experimentally - ethics??
  • Tend to utilise longitudinal designs with self-report methods to measure stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is fatigue? (3)

A
  • Occurs after prolonged mental exertion
  • Results in deficits in inhibition and self-control
  • Often considered a “lighter” form of stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fatigue - “lighter” form of stress (3)

A
  • Short-term stress response, fast recovery from fatigue (more ethical)
  • Mimicks stuff individuals go through from a day-to-day basis (more ecological validity)
  • SAM activation, not necessarily HPA activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stress

when does stress occur and results in? (2)

A
  • Occurs after extremely demanding and threatening task
  • Results in deficits in inhibition and self-control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Such intense and prolonged experiences of stress that SAM is not enough

Stress engages systems linked with long-term stress response (4)

A
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Endocrine system
  • Immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why differentiate between fatigue and stress?

Fatigue (4)

A
  • Fatigue is consistent with “everyday” stress
    • Daily hassles in life
    • They are small but frequent stressors
    • Smaller effects in behaviour and physiology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why differentiate between fatigue and stress? (3)

A
  • Stress is consistent with relatively rare, threatening experiences
    • Frequency of these in everyday life differ by individual
    • Like factors such as social/cultural influences
  • Larger effects in changes in behaviour and physiology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of fatigue tasks

A
  • Restricted writing task
  • Vowel counting task
  • Emotion suppression
    • Watch visceral film (e.g., animal abuse)
    • Told to suppress any feelings elicited by the video
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Restrited writing task Procedure (3)

A
  • Participants given 7 minutes to write a story about a trip you have recently taken
    • Control condition = write freely (no restrictions)
    • Fatigue condition = cannot use letters A or N
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Restricted Writing Task

Fatigue Condition

A

Can not use “and” use “plus” instead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vowel counting task

Control condition

A
  • Scanned page of the textbook (that is dense with statistics) and select/count every instance of the letter “e”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vowel counting task

Fatigue condition (3)

A
  • Scanned page of the textbook (dense with stats) and select/count every instance of the letter “e”
    • Can not select an e if adjacent to another vowel or 2 letters away from vowel
    • Page is brightened to make it difficult to read…
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can be asses to determine whether someone had a short-term stress response when fatigued? (3)

A
  • Heart rate (influenced by SAM activity)
  • Cognitive performance (tasks req attention)
  • Physical exertion (their concentration on a task)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stroop effect examines (3)

A
  • differences between automatic (reading) versus controlled (inhibition) processes in attention
  • Measuring diff of inhibiting reading of the word while actually saying colour of word
  • State colour of text, ignore the word presented
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stroop effect results in terms of fatigue (short-term stress response) - (2)

A

Fatigue reduces performance on incongruent Stroop trials

  • Longer reaction times
  • Greater error rates
17
Q

Inzlicht et al. (2007) Emotional Suppression Task + Stroop - Fatigue Results (2)

A
  • In the suppression condition (fatigued) in incongruent trials (word ‘red’ printed in bleu ink) take longer to respond compared to congruent trials (‘red’ in red ink)
  • In the suppression condition (fatigued) take longer to respond regardless of whether the word is congruent or incongruent compared to control (no suppression)
18
Q

Fatigue affects physical exertion is tested via

A

Handgrip

19
Q

Handgrip can measure

A

How long the pp hold on (time)

Strength (effort)

20
Q

Handrip (strength and time somone holds onto something) is affected by

A

Fatigue

21
Q

Inlizicht - Cost of suppression

Fatigue + handgrip results

A
  • Suppression condition not able to hold onot the hangrip as long as those who do not suppress their emotions (control - not fatigued)
22
Q

What are the two tests that can elicit/evoke stress? - (2)

A
  • Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)
  • Cold Pressor Test
23
Q

Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) - (5)

PROCEDURE

A
  • Anticipation stage (10 minutes) - told about the study and left in the room (anxious)
  • Test period (after 10 minutes) to do two things:
    • Impromptu speech/interview about your strength and weaknesses (5 minutes)
    • Mental arithmetic (counting backwards; 5 minutes)
  • Often performed in front of an audience
24
Q

TSST is utiliseed as it is effective in (2)

A

Promotoing cortisol release

Engages long-term stress response (HPA axis)

25
Q

Diagram of what the TSST procedure looks like:

A
26
Q

TSST - If you are giving a speech and run out of things to say

What will the people say in the audience? (2)

A

Yell “PLEASE CONTINUE”

Panel instructed to be stoic and neutral while the pp talk about themselves

27
Q

TSST - What if you incorrectly subtract during arithemtic? (2)

A
  • Incorrectly halfway through subtracting 13 from 1022
  • Failure results in restarting from 1022
28
Q

TSST Results

Cortisol release

A
  • Get spikes in cortisol after going through TSST (engaging HPA axis)
29
Q

TSST Results

Heart Rate + Cortisol release - (2)

A
  • Cortisol pike after the TSST task (15-20 min to detect cortisol in saliva) to infer that:
  • See spike in HR increase during the TSST task due to SAM and HPA activity
30
Q

Cold Pressor Test Procedure - (3)

A
  • Place hand into freezing water (0-4 C°)
    • Keep submerged up to 3 minutes
    • Compared against warm water condition (controls)
31
Q

Diagram of cold pressor test - physiological

A
32
Q

Is cold water enough to elicit stress?

Physiological stress probably…

A
  • Body engages system to maintain homeostasis and keep body cooler but would not elicit as much stress as you would on a everyday life situation (lack ecological validity)
33
Q

Is cold water enough to elicit stress? - Psychological stress … (2)

A
  • Adding social evaluation to cold pressor test - other people evaluating your performance
  • Pps cold pressor test and recorded and told that their facial expressions will be evaluated/assessed
34
Q

Cold pressor test

Diagram Psychological stress

A
35
Q

Looking at salivarly cortisol and cold pressor tests

A
  • Socially evaulated cold pressor test has significantly higher cortisol release (engage HPA axis) atfer the task occurs compared to when there is a simple cold pressor test with no social evaulation
36
Q

Cold pressor test - systolic and diaolstici blood pressure (2)

A
  • During the socially evaluated cold pressor test, there is increases in blood pressure
  • HPA increases blood pressure
37
Q

Heart rate

A

Could be either SAM/HPA axis

38
Q

Cortisol and BP measure same axis

A

HPA axis

Introduction To Health And Addiction Science (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions