W8: Theories of Behavioural Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Projection Motivation Theory - Rogers (1975) - (4)

A
  • Purposes that there are two processes for coping with a health threat
    • Threat appraisal
    • Coping appraisal
  • Introduces FEAR!
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2
Q

Protection motivation theory

Protection motivation is maximised when.. (5)

A
  1. Threat to health is severe
  2. Individual feels vulnerable (e.g., family history of disease)
  3. Adaptive response is believed to avert the threat (e.g., wearing a mask to avoid COVID-19)
  4. Rewards associated with the maladaptive behaviour are small
  5. The costs associated with the adaptive response (changing behaviour) are small
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3
Q

Projection motivation theory

Fear is widey used in public health initiatives and behavioural change interventions, yet

A

support is mixed

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4
Q

Protection motivation theory taps into terror management theory (TMT)

TMT is the idea that… (2)

A
  1. Individuals cope with fear of death by doing things to avoid it
  2. Fear of death drives our behaviour
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5
Q

Theory of reasoned action - Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) (5)

A

Assumes people will do what they intend to do

Behavioral intentions which are influenced by:

  • Attitudes
  • Norms

Theory assumes humans are completely rationl and everything they do as humans are dictated by rational thoughts

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6
Q

Theory of reasoned action

Problem - Assumes humans are completely rational and are unaffected by external factors such as… (4)

A
  1. Emotions
  2. Environment
  3. Politics/legality
  4. Economics
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7
Q

Theory of planned behaviour by Ajzen is version 2 of

A

theory of reasoned action

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8
Q

Theory of planned behaviour - Ajzen (1991) proposes that.. (3)

A
  • Behaviour is complex and rarely rational
    • Like sex, smoking, binge eating and substance and alcohol use
  • These are some behaviours which are difficult to control voluntarily
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9
Q

Theory of planned behaviour

Perceived behavioural control added to

A

to previous theory to produce theory of planned behaviour (TPB)

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10
Q

Diagram of theory of planned behaviour + smoking example (7)

A
  1. Have attitudes and norms (expectations and beliefs like not supposed to smoke heavily or drink)
  2. Perceived control will affect whether attitude and norm will be consistent with the intentions and behaviour
  3. May told that social norms that smoking is bad
  4. Adopt attitude that smoking is bad
  5. Lead to you being intended to stop
  6. But nicotine messes up the reward system, has limited perceived control over smoking behaviour
  7. When you have no perceived control the behaviour will be inconsistent with intentions
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11
Q

Theory of planned behaviour is not perfect…

A
  • A review of 237 studies found the TPB only accounted for ~19% of changes in health behaviour (McEachan et al., 2011)
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12
Q

However.. theory of planned behaviour (1)

A

The idea that intentions precede behavior change is essential

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13
Q

Social cognitive theory - Bandura (1986) - (4)

A

Examines that social origins and thought processes that influence behaviour

Two key aspects of the theory (aspects that influence behaviour)

  • Observational learning
  • Self-efficacy
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14
Q

Observational Learning - Bandura (2)

A
  1. People learn by watching or observing others, reading about what people do, and making general observations of the world
  2. This learning may be demonstrated in the form of health behaviours (enviro growing up family - Bobo doll look to adults)
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15
Q

Self-efficacy in simple terms/other words (2)

A

Confidence that you can do something!

Perceived control of your ability to change behavior

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16
Q

Sources of self-efficacy (8)

A

Performance accomplishments:

  • Past experiences of success and failure (‘I have already done it’)

Vicarious experience:

  • Witnessing others’ successes and failures (‘I saw somebody do it’) - buying alcohol

Verbal persuasion:

  • Told that you can perform a particular behaviour (‘You can do it’)

Emotional arousal:

  • Enthusiasm to perform a particular behaviour (‘I would love to do it’)
17
Q

Self-efficacy diagram

A
  • Directly builds on the theory of planned behaviour
18
Q

Self-efficacy has been widely applied in studied and interventions

A

Previously discussed models like theory of planned behaviour

19
Q

Self-efficacy Criticism and Advantages (4)

A
  • Mirrors self-help literature
  • People can achieve great things with “positive thinking”
  • However, some criticism focus on self-efficacy claim it is just abstract jargon..
  • Yet it is an important mechanism!
20
Q

Research has shown (self-efficacy, drinking identity, number of drinks) - (4)

A
  • If drinking is strongly identified with someone’s identity then it is:
  • positively correlated with the number of drinks they have per week
  • negatively correlated with refusal sefl-efficacy (less confidence able to say no to drinks)
  • vice versa
21
Q

Self-efficacy is a better indicator of changing behaviours than…

A

Meta analysis = a better indicator of changing behaviour than attitudes.

22
Q

Self efficacy best predictor of

A

(e.g., eating healthier, stop smoking, alcohol