W9- WBC DISORDERS

Question 1

What is it called when these abnormal cells are present both in the circulation and bone marrow

Answer 1

Leukemia

Question 2

What is it called when these abnormal cells are present ONLY in the bone marrow

Answer 2

Aleukemic leukemia

Question 3

What are the risk factor in developing leukemia

Answer 3

• Family history (genetic abnormalities, trisomy 21)
• occupational hazards (benzene exposure carcinogenicin nature)
• Ionizing radiation (rad dept)
• Immunologic deficiency (
• Autoimmune disease (e.g., SLE)
• Idiopathic (Leukemia)

Question 4

Criteria for diagnosing leukemia

Answer 4

WHO: >20% blasts

FAB french american british: >30% blasts

Question 5

In this disorder, the leukocyte count is variable

• DECREASE LAP/NAP score because of inactivity
• leukocytosis (50-300,00 cumm)

Answer 5

leukemia

Question 6

• Excessive leukocytic response
• leukocytosis (50-100,000 cumm)
• INCREASE LAP/NAP score because of an inflammation

Answer 6

Leukemoid reaction

-Increase LAP/ NAp cause by premature release of the maturation stage in the bone marrow towards the circulation

Question 7

that involves GEMM(granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, and megakaryocyte) also known as myeloproliferative

Answer 7

Myeloid

Question 8

involving the B or T cell and may be leukemia or lymphoma (solid tumor)

Answer 8

lymphoid

Question 9

the blast is greater than 30%

-days to weeks (3 months)

Answer 9

Acute leukemia

Question 10

the blast is less than 10%

-more than a year (1-2 years)

Answer 10

Chronic leukemia

Question 11

what classification of leukemia is Rapid and progressive

• Affects all ages
• Elevated proliferative rates
• Blast are predominant

Answer 11

Acute leukemia

Question 12

what classification of leukemia is Insidious

• Adults are affected
• Lower proliferative rates
• Mature cells are predominant

Answer 12

Chronic leukemia

Question 13

What is the most common type of leukemia for adults ?

-there are presence of AUER RODS

Answer 13

Acute myeloblastic leukemia

Question 14

What is it called when Auer rods are present in a lot of cell ?

Answer 14

Faggot cell

Question 15

What stain is use in differentiating AML (acute myelocytic leukemia) from ALL ( acute lymphoblastic leukemia) , it is present in granulocyte and monocyte

Answer 15

Peroxidase

-bluish black

Question 16

of all the granulocyte present, the eosinophil is resistant. there is still an activity even if there is a presence of sodium cyanide in the peroxidase stain. that’s why your eosinophil of leukemia will be diagnose through this stain

Answer 16

Cyanide-resistant peroxidase (CRP)

-brown and granular

Question 17

it stains lipid component of cell

- it differentiate AML from ALL

Answer 17

Sudan black b (SBB)

- blask

Question 18

the stain is chroloacetate

-it differentiates granulocytic from monocytic leukemia

Answer 18

Specific esterase (SE)
-blue

Question 19

Differentiates monocytic from granulocytic leukemia

Answer 19

Non-specific esterase (NSE)

-bright red

Question 20

it stains glycogen and related substances anything carbohydrates -use in diagnosing your erythrocytic leukemia

Answer 20

periodic acid Schiff (PAS)

- reddish pink periphery

Question 21

uses tartaric acid

-helpful in diagnosis of Hairy cell leukemia

Answer 21

Acid phosphatase (AP) 
- orange red

Question 22

present in lymphoid lineage

differentiates ALL from AML

Answer 22

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)

-fluoresecence

Answer 23

AML - M1

Question 24

• WITH MATURATION
• <20% are monocytic lineage
• > 3% of the blast stain POSITIVE with MPO and SBB
• chromosome abnormality : t(8, 21)
• the most common subtype of leukemia
• may have Auer rods (altered primary granules )

Answer 24

AML- M2

Question 25

- PROMYELOCYTIC leukemia - >30% of blast are type I, II and III - abnormal promyelocyte Multiple auer rods (Faggot cell) - chromosome abnormality: t(15;17) - Associated with DIC (disseminated intravascular coagula) and hemorrhage

Answer 25

AML-M3

Question 26

-MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA or naegeli monocytic leukemia - >30% of the blast are type I and II with promonocytes - Peripheral monocytes: >5x10^9/L - High serum lysozyme

Answer 26

AML- M4 - most common subtype of AML leukemia of the myeloid lineage - stains with (SE) specific esterase and (NSE) Nonspecific esterase,SBB, MBO

Question 27

- MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA or Schillings leukemia - >30% monoblast, promonocyte, and myeloblasts - m5a: predominantly monoblast (>80%) - m5b: predominantly promonocytes (<80%)

Answer 27

AML-M5 | -stains with (NSE) non specific esterase

Question 28

``` -ERYTHOLEUKEMIA or diguglielmo syndrome bone marrow is hypercellular ->50% are erythroblast ->30% are types I, II and III blast -immunophenotype: positive for glycophorin A ```

Answer 28

AML-M6 | -positive for (PAS) periodic acid Schiff

Question 29

- MEGAKARYOTIC LEUKEMIA - >30% are megakaryoblast with myeloblasts - accompanied by atypical megarkaryocytes and the BONE marrow is often fibrotic - immunophenotype: Glycoproteins 1b95 (responsible for the adhesion of the platelets) and 2b llb/ 3bllIa (responsible for the aggregation of platelet to platelet ) - EM ultracytochemical identifaction: Platelet peroxidase

Answer 29

AML-M7 - it requires immunocytochem staining for accurate diagnosing - Factor A or 8? stain or antihemophilic factor

Question 30

What is the most common type of leukemia in CHILDREN -positive for terminal Deoxynucleotidyl transferase

Answer 30

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia