Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hematology > Hematology 1 > Flashcards

Hematology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

“HAIMA” means

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“LOGOS” means

A

science/study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Specific gravity of blood

A

1.055 SG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hematology

A

Study of blood forming units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ph of the blood

A

7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Skin puncture

A

also known as you capillary puncture, or dermal puncture

  • use only when small quantities of blood is needed
  • preferred sample for newborn screening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Recommended depth skin puncture

A

infants: <2mm
adults: 2-2.5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When doing skin puncture:

A

-warming the puncture site (40-42C for 2 to 5 min) to increase blood flow by 7-FOLD and to ARTERIALIZE the sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Order of draw for skin puncture

A
  • ——– BSLOR ——-
  • Blood gas analysis sample
  • slide smear
  • lavender micro-collection tube
  • other tubes with anticoagulant
  • serum collection tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Puncture site:

A
  • INFANTS: median or lateral side of the plantar surface of the heel
  • ADULTS: palmar surface, distal portion of the 3rd or 4th finger of the non-dominant hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the vein of choice when performing routine venipuncture?

A

median cubital vein,

  • it is also connects cephalic and basilic vein
  • less movement of your vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Angle of the needle

A

15-30 angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tourniquet application

A

<1 minutes
and 3-4 inches above the venipuncture site

Note: if tourniquet is left on the arm for more than 2 minutes, expect to have H (hemolysis), H (hemoconcentration), dCT (decrease clotting time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Standard needle length

A

1-1.5 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Standard needle gauge

A

21 gauge

NOTE: the bigger the number the smaller the bore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complication of venipuncture

A
  • Ecchymosis: primary complication, leakage of SMALL amount of blood
  • Syncope: 2nd most common
  • Hematoma: Leakage of LARGE amount of blood that rapidly swells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

order of draw for venipuncture

A

Yellow, Light blue, Red, Green , Lavender, Gray

  • Yellow- SPS/ACD, 8times
  • Light Blue- Sodium citrate, 1:9 ration, 3-4 times
  • Red- Glass or silica particles, 5 times
  • Green- heparin, 8 times

-lavender- k2(VERSENE)
k3 (SEQUESTRENE), 8 times

-Gray- potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride, 8 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

All blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell (pluripotential stem cell) which carries your CD marker 34

A

Monophyletic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Blood cells are derived from its own unique stem cell

A

Polyphyletic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-chief site of hemopoiesis: YOLK SAC
-during 9 days of gestation the yolk sac would give rise to Primitive erythroblast
from the MESODERMAL CELLS

  • during this stage you will be able to find you HSCs, Fetal Hgb, Gower 1, Gower 2, portland
A

Mesoblastic Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chief site of hemopoiesis: LIVER

  • peak activity at the 3rd month of gestation
  • Spleen, thymus, and lymph node
A

Hepatic Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chief site of hemopoiesis: BONE MARROW

-begins 5th month of gestation and continuous throughout life (hematopoiesis from the flat bones)

A

medullary Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Examples of your flat bone and THE MAIN SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS

A
  • RIBS
  • VERTEBRA
  • STERNUM
  • SKULL
  • SHOULDER BLADES
  • PELVIS
  • PROXIMAL ENGD OF LONG BONES

note: Limited only to your red marrow
- and the only haematopoietically active site for adult hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

marrow cellularity

A

-collecting bone marrow aspirate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
more than 70%, incase of leukemia, Increase WBC, RBC
Hyperplastic
26
Hypoplastic
<30% incases of your aplastic anemia complete reduction of RBC and WBC
27
myeloid to erythroid ration
2-4:1 ratio
28
master regulatory hormone
Hepcidin
29
Absorption of Iron happens in
Duodenum (site of maximal absorption, 1-2 mg) if ever in cases you need more iron, it could extend to your JEJENUM
30
iron is transported through
Transferrin Note: if the transportation from the enterocyte to the circulation it is the FERROPORTIN
31
Where is iron being utilized
Mitochondrial iron
32
Store excess iron in a form of
FERRITIN (soluble) & HEMOSIDIRIN (Insoluble)
33
What is the reference range of serum ferritin for men and women
15-200 ug/dl (men) 12-150 ug/dl (women) -serum ferritin reveals the body's tissue iron stores
34
in cases where the patient should only have one test to determine if the patient is having iron deficiency anemia, what would be the best test ?
Serum Ferritin test
35
indirectly measure the concentration of transferrin by measuring its ability to bind iron
Total Iron binding capacity Reference range: 250-450ug/dl
36
main component of the red blood cell - composed of 2 sets of 2 different polypeptide chains - 4 molecules of protoporphyrin IX - 4 iron atoms in its ferrous form
HEMOGLOBIN
37
carries deoxygen from the lungs
oxyhemoglobin
38
- Oxygen that is already in our veins | - oxygen is given to the tissues
Deoxyhemoglobin
39
hemoglobin which carries your carbon dioxide
Carboxyhemoglobin
40
hemoglobin where the iron is oxidizes from the ferrous to the ferric stage
Methemoglobin
41
Hemoglobin that is bound to anisole hydro compound
Sulfhemoglobin | mauve lavender color
42
RBC metabolic pathways
- Embden-Meyerhof - Hexose Monophosphate Shunt - Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway - Rapaport-Luebering Shunt
43
Reference method for hemoglobin determination
Hemoglobinometry
44
Turbidity of your solution can result to
False increase or your measurement
45
Normal Value of your hemoglobin
- Male: 14-18 g/dl | - Female: 12-15 g/dl
46
Common hemoglobinopathies
- Hemoglobin S: the 6glutamine is change to Valine - Hemoglobin C: 6Glu-Lys - Hemoglobin E: 26Glu- Lys
47
Hemoglolbin S
- 6Glu- Val - When it is OXYGENATED it is soluble - when it is DEOXYGENATED, the hb S would be POLYMERIZE and will form SICKLE CELLS
48
Non-functional hemoglobins which carries the ferric ion of you hemoglobin
- Hb M-Saskatoon - Hb M-milwaukee-1 - Hb M-Milwaukee-2
49
Hemoglobin Variants that has an INCREASE OXYGEN AFFININTY
- Hb Hiroshima - Hb Rainer - Hb Bethesda
50
Hemoglobin variants that has an DECREASE OXYGEN AFFINITY
- Hb Agenogi - Hb Beth-Israel - Hb Yoshizuka
51
- we use cellulose acetate : pH 8.4-8.6 | - primary screening procedure for variant hemoglobin
HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS
52
Fastest Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin H, hemoglobin A1
53
Slowest hemoglobin
Hb A2, Hb C, Hb E, Hb C harlem, Hb O arab
54
Formation of RBC
Erythropoiesis
55
``` Morphologically the Earliest recognizable erythroid precursor using light microscope -side: 14-20um -nucleoli: present 1:2 -thin nuclear membrane -homogenous basophilic cytoplasm ```
Pronormoblast
56
Size: 12-17 um - nucleoli: 0:1 - cytoplasm appears more abundant than in pronormoblast - LAST stage with a nucleolus
Basophilic Normoblast
57
- Dawn of Hemoglobinization - LAST STAGE CAPABLE OF MITOSIS - basophilic to diffusely LILAC in color - size: 10-15
Polychromatic Normoblast
58
- Last stage with a nucleus - Salmon Pink cytoplasm - size: 7-12 um - pkynotic nucleus
Orthochromatic normoblast
59
Last stage of Hemoglobin -last immature erythrocyte stage -Size: 7-10 um Spends 2-3 days in the bone marrow and 1 day in the peripheral blood
Reticulocyte
60
- Size of 6-8um - Bioncave Disk - Average life span is 120 days
Mature erythrocyte
61
RBC membrane is compose of
10% Carbohydrates 40%Lipids 50% proteins
62
Span the entire thickness of the cell, carry the RBC Ag and attach the skeletal lattice to the membrane
Integral
63
inner side of the membrane from a skeletal support6 of the membrane lipid bilayer
Peripheral
64
Alpha and beta spectrin, fibrous polypeptide that forms loosely wound helix
Spectrin
65
Fixes the spectrin meshwork to the membrane, connects to band 3
Ankyrin
66
stabilizes the connection of ankyrin and anion exchanger protein
band 4.2
67
links transmembrane protein to glycoprotein C
bands 4.1
68
maintains the negative charge of the cell
Glycophorin A

Hematology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions