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RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

it is defined as decrease in RBC, Hgb, and hematocrit resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues

A

Anemia

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2
Q

anemia is derived from the Greek word anaimia, meaning

A

“without blood”

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3
Q

T/F
ANEMIA SHOULD NOT BE THOUGHT OF AS A DISEASE, BUT RATHER AS A MANIFESTATION OF AN UNDERLYING DISEASE OR DEFICIENCY

A

TRUE

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4
Q

what are the three (3) major pathophysiological categories that causes anemia

A
  1. blood loss
  2. impaired red blood cell production
  3. accelerated red blood cell destruction
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5
Q

it is refer to the production of erythroid precursor cells that are DEFECTIVE

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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6
Q

what are the example of Infective erythropoiesis

A

-megaloblastic anemia
-thalassemia
-sideroblastic anemia
-myelodysplastic anemia

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7
Q

refers to a decrease in the number of erythroid precursor in the bone marrow

A

Insufficient erythropoiesis

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8
Q

What are the example of Insufficient erythropoiesis

A

-Iron deficiency anemia
-Anemia of renal disease
-Acute leukemia
-aplastic anemia
-sarcoidosis

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9
Q

Initial lab test for diagnosis of Anemia

A

Complete blood count
Peripheral Blood smear
Reticulocyte count
Rbc indices

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10
Q

Disorder of DNA synthesis

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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11
Q

Disorder of Hemoglobin Synthesis

A

-Thalassemia
-Anemia of chronic inflammation
-Iron deficiency
-Sideroblastic anemia

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12
Q

Disorder associated with decrease production of erythropoiesis

A

Anemia of renal disease

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13
Q

Examples of Microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

“TAILS Che”
-thalassemia
-anemia of chronic inflammation
-iron deficiency anemia
-lead poisoning
-sideroblastic anemia
-Chronic blood loss
-Hemoglobin E disease

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14
Q

Examples of Macrocytic Normochromic anemia

A

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
-Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
-reverse transcriptase inhibitors
-acute erythroid leukemia
-myelodysplastic anemia
-pernicious anemia
-vit b12 deficiency
folate def
NON MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
-Chronic liver disease
-alcoholism
-aplastic anemia
-reticulocytosis
-bone marrow failure
-normal newborns

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15
Q

it can help determine the cause of an anemia when used in conjunction with the MCV

A

RDW

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16
Q

it is the most common form of anemia world widely
-it is an example of nutritional anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

hemoglobin level in mild anemia

A

9 to 11 g/dL

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18
Q

hemoglobin level in severe anemia

A

<7 g/dL

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19
Q

hemoglobin level in moderate anemia

A

7 to 10 g/dL

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20
Q

hemoglobin level in newborns with anemia

A

<14 g/dL

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21
Q

stage of IDA wherein it develops into a full blown IDA/ frank’s

A

Stage 3 functional depletion

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22
Q

Parasites associated with IDA

A

Hookworm
trichuris trichiuria
schistosoma mansoni
schistosoma haematobium

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23
Q

it is the second most common type of anemia
it is the most common anemia in hospitalized patient (nosocomial anemia)
associated with systemic disease

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation

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24
Q

anemia caused by blocks in protoporphyrin pathway resulting in defective hemoglobin synthesis and iron overload

A

Sideroblastic anemia

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25
where does iron accumulate in sideroblastic anemia
perinuclear mitochondria of metarubricyte
26
excess iron accumulates in the mitochondrial region of the immature RBC in the BM and encircles the nucleus; cell are called
ringed sideroblasts
27
sideroblasts and siderocyte are best demonstrated using what stain
Perl's prussian blue stain (rous test)
28
serum iron: DECREASE serum TIBC: INCREASE % saturation: DECREASE % sideroblasts: DECREASE iron stores: DECREASE serum ferritin: DECREASE
IDA
29
serum iron: DECREASE serum TIBC: DECREASE % saturation: DECREASE % sideroblasts: DECREASE iron stores: INCREASE serum ferritin: INCREASE
ANEMIA OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
30
serum iron: INCREASE serum TIBC: DECREASE % saturation: INCREASE % sideroblasts: INCREASE iron stores: INCREASE serum ferritin: INCREASE
SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
31
it is an indicator of available transport iron requires 12 hours fasting
Serum Iron
32
Indirect indicator of iron STORE 12 hour fasting
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
33
Good indicator of iron storage status useful in diagnosis of iron deficiency -first laboratory test to become abnormal when iron stores become to decline
Serum Ferritin
34
used for differentiating Thalassemia, IDA and Anemia of chronic infection
Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin
35
used to differentiate IDA and ACI
(sTfR) Soluble transferrin receptor IDA = Increase sTfR AC= Normal sTfR
36
STATEMENT I In megaloblastic anemia, DNA synthesis is defective and RNA synthesis is normal STATEMENT II The nucleus matures slower than the cytoplasm (Asynchronism)
Both are TRUE
37
Characteristic of Megaloblastic anemia
Oval shaped MCV is usually 100-150 fl and commonly greater than 120fl
38
Clinical symptoms includes CNS problems
Vitamin B12 defi
39
a anti folic drugs not recommended for pregnant women
Methotrexate
40
confirmatory for megablastosis
Bone marrow aspirate
41
needle used for Bone marrow aspirate
Aspirate needle University of Illinois needle
42
test requires a 24 hour urine collection and the use of radioactive cobalt in vitamin b12 to trace absorption
Schilling test
43
it is increase in both Vitamin B12 and Folic acid deficiency
Homocysteine level
44
It is increased in Vitamin B12 only and normal in folic acid deficiency
Methylmalonic acid level
45
Characteristic of Non megaloblastic anemia
-round in shaped -MCV 101-115 fl -related to membrane changes caused by disruption of the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio
46
What form and the anatomical site present in functional compartments in iron
-Hemoglobin iron in the blood -myoglobin iron in the muscle -peroxidase, catalase, cytochrome, riboflavin enzymes in all cells
47
What form and the anatomical site present in storage compartments in iron
Ferritin and Hemosiderin
48
What form and the anatomical site present in transport compartments in iron
Transferrin in plasma
49
In ACI, what are the increased acute phase reactant present
Hepcidin , lactoferrin, fertin
50
Type of Sideroblastic anemia which is irreversible; causes of the block is unknown
Primary
51
Type of Sideroblastic anemia which is reversible; causes includes alcohol, anti -tb drugs, chloramphenicol
Secondary
52
lead poisoning will lead to
Acquired porphyria and acquire sideroblastic anemia
53
reference range for serum iron
50-160 ug/dl
54
reference range for TIBC
250-400 ug/dl
55
reference range for serum ferritin
15-200 ug/L (men) 12-150 ug/L (women)
56
characterized by impaired absorption of Vitamin B12 due to deficiency of intrinsic factor and the presence of autoantibodies to parietal cell
Pernicious anemia
57
it is elevated in Aplastic anemia
EPO, TPO, CSF-GEMM
58
Characteristic features of aplastic anemia
-pancytopenia -reticulocytopenia -bone marrow hypocellularity -depletion of hematopoietic stem cell
59
Characterized by dwarfism , low birth weight -lab findings: elevated Hb F and alpha feto-protein
Fanconi's anemia/ genetic aplastic anemia/ familial aplastic anemia
60
Characterized by true red cell aplasia -bone marrow is normal except to a marked decreased in erythroid precursor
Diamond black fan anemia
61
replacement of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells by malignant cells or fibrotic tissue -associated with cancers with bone metastasis
Myelophthisic anemia (marrow replacement) -increase WBC and RBC in the circulation
62
Laboratory finding for hemolytic anemia
decrease hemoglobin and serum haptoglobin increase retic
63
it characterized by Rbc destruction exceeds the increase rate of Rbc production
Hemolytic anemia
64
it is a group of potentially life-threatening disorders characterized by RBC fragmentation and thrombocytopenia
Microangiopathic anemia
65
examples of microangiopathic anemia
DIC, HUS, TTP, HELLP syndrome
66
characteristic features found in the peripheral blood films of microangiopathic anemia
Schistoctye/ schizocyte

Hematology (15 decks)

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