Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology > RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS > Flashcards

RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

it is defined as decrease in RBC, Hgb, and hematocrit resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anemia is derived from the Greek word anaimia, meaning

A

“without blood”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F
ANEMIA SHOULD NOT BE THOUGHT OF AS A DISEASE, BUT RATHER AS A MANIFESTATION OF AN UNDERLYING DISEASE OR DEFICIENCY

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three (3) major pathophysiological categories that causes anemia

A
  1. blood loss
  2. impaired red blood cell production
  3. accelerated red blood cell destruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

it is refer to the production of erythroid precursor cells that are DEFECTIVE

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the example of Infective erythropoiesis

A

-megaloblastic anemia
-thalassemia
-sideroblastic anemia
-myelodysplastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

refers to a decrease in the number of erythroid precursor in the bone marrow

A

Insufficient erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the example of Insufficient erythropoiesis

A

-Iron deficiency anemia
-Anemia of renal disease
-Acute leukemia
-aplastic anemia
-sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Initial lab test for diagnosis of Anemia

A

Complete blood count
Peripheral Blood smear
Reticulocyte count
Rbc indices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disorder of DNA synthesis

A

Megaloblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disorder of Hemoglobin Synthesis

A

-Thalassemia
-Anemia of chronic inflammation
-Iron deficiency
-Sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disorder associated with decrease production of erythropoiesis

A

Anemia of renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of Microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

“TAILS Che”
-thalassemia
-anemia of chronic inflammation
-iron deficiency anemia
-lead poisoning
-sideroblastic anemia
-Chronic blood loss
-Hemoglobin E disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of Macrocytic Normochromic anemia

A

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
-Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
-reverse transcriptase inhibitors
-acute erythroid leukemia
-myelodysplastic anemia
-pernicious anemia
-vit b12 deficiency
folate def
NON MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
-Chronic liver disease
-alcoholism
-aplastic anemia
-reticulocytosis
-bone marrow failure
-normal newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

it can help determine the cause of an anemia when used in conjunction with the MCV

A

RDW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

it is the most common form of anemia world widely
-it is an example of nutritional anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hemoglobin level in mild anemia

A

9 to 11 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hemoglobin level in severe anemia

A

<7 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hemoglobin level in moderate anemia

A

7 to 10 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hemoglobin level in newborns with anemia

A

<14 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

stage of IDA wherein it develops into a full blown IDA/ frank’s

A

Stage 3 functional depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parasites associated with IDA

A

Hookworm
trichuris trichiuria
schistosoma mansoni
schistosoma haematobium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

it is the second most common type of anemia
it is the most common anemia in hospitalized patient (nosocomial anemia)
associated with systemic disease

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

anemia caused by blocks in protoporphyrin pathway resulting in defective hemoglobin synthesis and iron overload

A

Sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where does iron accumulate in sideroblastic anemia

A

perinuclear mitochondria of metarubricyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

excess iron accumulates in the mitochondrial region of the immature RBC in the BM and encircles the nucleus; cell are called

A

ringed sideroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

sideroblasts and siderocyte are best demonstrated using what stain

A

Perl’s prussian blue stain (rous test)

28
Q

serum iron: DECREASE
serum TIBC: INCREASE
% saturation: DECREASE
% sideroblasts: DECREASE
iron stores: DECREASE
serum ferritin: DECREASE

A

IDA

29
Q

serum iron: DECREASE
serum TIBC: DECREASE
% saturation: DECREASE
% sideroblasts: DECREASE
iron stores: INCREASE
serum ferritin: INCREASE

A

ANEMIA OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

30
Q

serum iron: INCREASE
serum TIBC: DECREASE
% saturation: INCREASE
% sideroblasts: INCREASE
iron stores: INCREASE
serum ferritin: INCREASE

A

SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA

31
Q

it is an indicator of available transport iron
requires 12 hours fasting

A

Serum Iron

32
Q

Indirect indicator of iron STORE
12 hour fasting

A

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

33
Q

Good indicator of iron storage status
useful in diagnosis of iron deficiency
-first laboratory test to become abnormal when iron stores become to decline

A

Serum Ferritin

34
Q

used for differentiating Thalassemia, IDA and Anemia of chronic infection

A

Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin

35
Q

used to differentiate IDA and ACI

A

(sTfR) Soluble transferrin receptor

IDA = Increase sTfR
AC= Normal sTfR

36
Q

STATEMENT I
In megaloblastic anemia, DNA synthesis is defective and RNA synthesis is normal
STATEMENT II
The nucleus matures slower than the cytoplasm (Asynchronism)

A

Both are TRUE

37
Q

Characteristic of Megaloblastic anemia

A

Oval shaped
MCV is usually 100-150 fl and commonly greater than 120fl

38
Q

Clinical symptoms includes CNS problems

A

Vitamin B12 defi

39
Q

a anti folic drugs not recommended for pregnant women

A

Methotrexate

40
Q

confirmatory for megablastosis

A

Bone marrow aspirate

41
Q

needle used for Bone marrow aspirate

A

Aspirate needle
University of Illinois needle

42
Q

test requires a 24 hour urine collection and the use of radioactive cobalt in vitamin b12 to trace absorption

A

Schilling test

43
Q

it is increase in both Vitamin B12 and Folic acid deficiency

A

Homocysteine level

44
Q

It is increased in Vitamin B12 only and normal in folic acid deficiency

A

Methylmalonic acid level

45
Q

Characteristic of Non megaloblastic anemia

A

-round in shaped
-MCV 101-115 fl
-related to membrane changes caused by disruption of the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio

46
Q

What form and the anatomical site present in functional compartments in iron

A

-Hemoglobin iron in the blood
-myoglobin iron in the muscle
-peroxidase, catalase, cytochrome, riboflavin enzymes in all cells

47
Q

What form and the anatomical site present in storage compartments in iron

A

Ferritin and Hemosiderin

48
Q

What form and the anatomical site present in transport compartments in iron

A

Transferrin in plasma

49
Q

In ACI, what are the increased acute phase reactant present

A

Hepcidin , lactoferrin, fertin

50
Q

Type of Sideroblastic anemia which is irreversible; causes of the block is unknown

A

Primary

51
Q

Type of Sideroblastic anemia which is reversible; causes includes alcohol, anti -tb drugs, chloramphenicol

A

Secondary

52
Q

lead poisoning will lead to

A

Acquired porphyria and acquire sideroblastic anemia

53
Q

reference range for serum iron

A

50-160 ug/dl

54
Q

reference range for TIBC

A

250-400 ug/dl

55
Q

reference range for serum ferritin

A

15-200 ug/L (men)
12-150 ug/L (women)

56
Q

characterized by impaired absorption of Vitamin B12 due to deficiency of intrinsic factor and the presence of autoantibodies to parietal cell

A

Pernicious anemia

57
Q

it is elevated in Aplastic anemia

A

EPO, TPO, CSF-GEMM

58
Q

Characteristic features of aplastic anemia

A

-pancytopenia
-reticulocytopenia
-bone marrow hypocellularity
-depletion of hematopoietic stem cell

59
Q

Characterized by dwarfism , low birth weight
-lab findings: elevated Hb F and alpha feto-protein

A

Fanconi’s anemia/ genetic aplastic anemia/ familial aplastic anemia

60
Q

Characterized by true red cell aplasia
-bone marrow is normal except to a marked decreased in erythroid precursor

A

Diamond black fan anemia

61
Q

replacement of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells by malignant cells or fibrotic tissue
-associated with cancers with bone metastasis

A

Myelophthisic anemia (marrow replacement)

-increase WBC and RBC in the circulation

62
Q

Laboratory finding for hemolytic anemia

A

decrease hemoglobin and serum haptoglobin
increase retic

63
Q

it characterized by Rbc destruction exceeds the increase rate of Rbc production

A

Hemolytic anemia

64
Q

it is a group of potentially life-threatening disorders characterized by RBC fragmentation and thrombocytopenia

A

Microangiopathic anemia

65
Q

examples of microangiopathic anemia

A

DIC, HUS, TTP, HELLP syndrome

66
Q

characteristic features found in the peripheral blood films of microangiopathic anemia

A

Schistoctye/ schizocyte

Hematology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions