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Hematology > Chapter 7- Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q
  • A term used to signify production of blood cell

- process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation.

A

Hematopoiesis

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2
Q

Where is the result of the process of hematopoiesis released?

A

from the bone marrow to the circulation

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3
Q

life span of RBC

A

120 days

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4
Q

A hematopoietic stem cell is capable of self-renewal and directed differentiation into all required cell lineage.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

In healthy adults hematopoietic is restricted primarily to the

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

Mesoblastic phase

A
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7
Q

previously been considered to be the only site of definitive hematopoiesis during embryonic development.

A

Hepatic phase

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8
Q

who concluded that the yolk sac was the major site of adult blood formation in the embryo

A

Metcalf and Moore supported by Weissman and colleagues.

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9
Q

The precise origin of the adult HSC remain UNSOLVED

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Hepatic Phase

A
  • begins at 5 to 7 gestational weeks
  • characterized by recognizable clusters of developing erythroblast, granulocytes, and monocytes colonizing the fetal liver, thymus, spleen, placenta, and ultimately the bone marrow space in the final medullary phase
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11
Q

Hematopoiesis in the aorta-gonad mesonephros region and the yolk sac disappear during this stage

A

hepatic Stage

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12
Q

the first fully developed organ in the fetus, becomes the major site of T cell production.

A

thymus

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13
Q

major site of production of B cell

A

Kidney and spleen

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14
Q

In what phase does production of megakartocytes begin?

A

hepatic phase

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15
Q

In what phase does fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) is the predominant hemoglobin, but detectable lvels of adult hemoglobin (Hb A) may be present.

A

Hepatic phase

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16
Q

prior to the fifth month development, hematopoiesis begins in the bone marrow cavity, this transition is called

A

Medullary (Myeloid phase

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17
Q

Where does Medullary hematopoiesis occur?

A

Medulla or inner part of the bone

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18
Q

What phase does HSCs and mesenchymal cells migrate into the core of the bone.

A

medullary phase

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19
Q

By the end of 24 weeks of gestation, what is now the primary site of hematopoiesis?

A

Bone marrow

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20
Q

Hematopoietic activity, especially myeloid activity is apparent during this stage of development, and the myeloid-to-erythroid ratio gradually approaches 3:1 (adult level)

A

Myeloid Phase

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21
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO), granulocytes colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and hemoglobin F and A can be detected

A

Myeloid Phase

22
Q

cells at various stages of maturation can be seen in all blood cell lineage

A

myeloid phase

23
Q

Adult hematopoietic tissue is located in

A

Bone marrow, lymph nodes , spleen, liver and thymus

24
Q

two major components of bone marrow

A
  • red marrow

- yellow marrow

25
Q

haematopoietically ACTIVE marrow consisting of the developing blood cells and their progenitors

A

Red Marrow

26
Q

haematopoietically INACTIVE marrow composed primarily of adipocytes (fat cells), with undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and macrophages.

A

Yellow marrow

27
Q

process of replacing the active marrow by adipocytes during development is called

A

retrogression

28
Q

The major site of blood cell production during the second trimester of fetal development

A

Liver

29
Q

Monophyletic theory

A

Suggest that all blood cells arise from a single stem cell called PLURIPOTENT HEMATOPOEITIC STEM CELL

30
Q

it suggest that each of the blood cell lineages is derived form its own unique stem cell

A

Polyphyletic theory

31
Q

-the most versatile type of stem cell, can develop into any human cell type, including development from embryo to fetus
-present in first few hours after an ovum is fertilized

A

Totipotential stem cell

32
Q

-these are present several days after fertilization
-they cannot develop into a fetus

A

Pluripotential stem cell

33
Q

-it is derived from pluripotent stem cell
-limited to specific types of cell to form tissues

A

Multipotential stem cell

34
Q

it provides protective and nourishing environment to the HSCs

A

Stromal cells

35
Q

Examples of Stromal Cells

A

Fibroblast
Osteoclast and osteoblast
Reticular adventitial cell
Macrophage/monocyte
Adipocyte
Lymphocyte
Endothelial cell
Glial cell
Perivascular

36
Q

it begins around 19th day of embryonic development after fertilization
-stage for primitive erythroblast

A

Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase

37
Q

Embryonic hemoglobin

A

Gower I
Gower II
Portland

38
Q

The hepatic phase of hematopoiesis begin at 5th to 7th week of gestation
-stage for the beginning of definitive hematopoiesis with a decline primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac

A

Hepatic phase

39
Q

it is the predominant hemoglobin during the hepatic phase

A

Hemoglobin F

40
Q

in adult hematopoiesis, the red marrow is found only in

A

Ribs
Sternum
Vertebrae
Pelvic, proximal end of long bones

41
Q

It is the process of replacing the active marrow by adipocyte (yellow marrow)

A

Retrogression

42
Q

normal myeloid to erythroid ratio

A

2:1, 3:1, 4:1

43
Q

ratio of marrow cells to fat

A

marrow cellularity

44
Q

Site of adult hematopoietic tissue

A

Bone marrow (major site)
Liver
thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes

45
Q

most commonly used site for bone marrow collection

A

Posterior iliac crest

46
Q

is it very rarely used site
-for lie supine position

A

Anterior iliac crest

47
Q

needle used for trephine core biopsy

A

trephine biopsy needle
jamshidi needle
westerman-jensen needle

48
Q

needle used for bone marrow aspirate

A

aspiration needle
university of illinois sternal needle

49
Q

Bone marrow smears should be retained for

A

10 years

50
Q

how many cells should be counted for a bone marrow differential

A

atleast 500, and preferably 1000 cells

51
Q

The most predominant cell in the bone marrow

A

metamylocyte

Hematology (15 decks)

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