Chapter 7- Hematopoiesis

Question 1

• A term used to signify production of blood cell

- process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation.

Answer 1

Hematopoiesis

Question 2

Where is the result of the process of hematopoiesis released?

Answer 2

from the bone marrow to the circulation

Question 3

life span of RBC

Answer 3

120 days

Question 4

A hematopoietic stem cell is capable of self-renewal and directed differentiation into all required cell lineage.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

In healthy adults hematopoietic is restricted primarily to the

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

Mesoblastic phase

Question 7

previously been considered to be the only site of definitive hematopoiesis during embryonic development.

Answer 7

Hepatic phase

Question 8

who concluded that the yolk sac was the major site of adult blood formation in the embryo

Answer 8

Metcalf and Moore supported by Weissman and colleagues.

Question 9

The precise origin of the adult HSC remain UNSOLVED

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

Hepatic Phase

Answer 10

• begins at 5 to 7 gestational weeks
• characterized by recognizable clusters of developing erythroblast, granulocytes, and monocytes colonizing the fetal liver, thymus, spleen, placenta, and ultimately the bone marrow space in the final medullary phase

Question 11

Hematopoiesis in the aorta-gonad mesonephros region and the yolk sac disappear during this stage

Answer 11

hepatic Stage

Question 12

the first fully developed organ in the fetus, becomes the major site of T cell production.

Answer 12

thymus

Question 13

major site of production of B cell

Answer 13

Kidney and spleen

Question 14

In what phase does production of megakartocytes begin?

Answer 14

hepatic phase

Question 15

In what phase does fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) is the predominant hemoglobin, but detectable lvels of adult hemoglobin (Hb A) may be present.

Answer 15

Hepatic phase

Question 16

prior to the fifth month development, hematopoiesis begins in the bone marrow cavity, this transition is called

Answer 16

Medullary (Myeloid phase

Question 17

Where does Medullary hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 17

Medulla or inner part of the bone

Question 18

What phase does HSCs and mesenchymal cells migrate into the core of the bone.

Answer 18

medullary phase

Question 19

By the end of 24 weeks of gestation, what is now the primary site of hematopoiesis?

Answer 19

Bone marrow

Question 20

Hematopoietic activity, especially myeloid activity is apparent during this stage of development, and the myeloid-to-erythroid ratio gradually approaches 3:1 (adult level)

Answer 20

Myeloid Phase

Question 21

Erythropoietin (EPO), granulocytes colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and hemoglobin F and A can be detected

Answer 21

Myeloid Phase

Question 22

cells at various stages of maturation can be seen in all blood cell lineage

Answer 22

myeloid phase

Question 23

Adult hematopoietic tissue is located in

Answer 23

Bone marrow, lymph nodes , spleen, liver and thymus

Question 24

two major components of bone marrow

Answer 24

• red marrow

- yellow marrow

Question 25

haematopoietically ACTIVE marrow consisting of the developing blood cells and their progenitors

Answer 25

Red Marrow

Question 26

haematopoietically INACTIVE marrow composed primarily of adipocytes (fat cells), with undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and macrophages.

Answer 26

Yellow marrow

Question 27

process of replacing the active marrow by adipocytes during development is called

Answer 27

retrogression

Question 28

The major site of blood cell production during the second trimester of fetal development

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

Monophyletic theory

Answer 29

Suggest that all blood cells arise from a single stem cell called PLURIPOTENT HEMATOPOEITIC STEM CELL

Question 30

it suggest that each of the blood cell lineages is derived form its own unique stem cell

Answer 30

Polyphyletic theory

Question 31

-the most versatile type of stem cell, can develop into any human cell type, including development from embryo to fetus -present in first few hours after an ovum is fertilized

Answer 31

Totipotential stem cell

Question 32

-these are present several days after fertilization -they cannot develop into a fetus

Answer 32

Pluripotential stem cell

Question 33

-it is derived from pluripotent stem cell -limited to specific types of cell to form tissues

Answer 33

Multipotential stem cell

Question 34

it provides protective and nourishing environment to the HSCs

Answer 34

Stromal cells

Question 35

Examples of Stromal Cells

Answer 35

Fibroblast Osteoclast and osteoblast Reticular adventitial cell Macrophage/monocyte Adipocyte Lymphocyte Endothelial cell Glial cell Perivascular

Question 36

it begins around 19th day of embryonic development after fertilization -stage for primitive erythroblast

Answer 36

Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase

Question 37

Embryonic hemoglobin

Answer 37

Gower I Gower II Portland

Question 38

The hepatic phase of hematopoiesis begin at 5th to 7th week of gestation -stage for the beginning of definitive hematopoiesis with a decline primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac

Answer 38

Hepatic phase

Question 39

it is the predominant hemoglobin during the hepatic phase

Answer 39

Hemoglobin F

Question 40

in adult hematopoiesis, the red marrow is found only in

Answer 40

Ribs Sternum Vertebrae Pelvic, proximal end of long bones

Question 41

It is the process of replacing the active marrow by adipocyte (yellow marrow)

Answer 41

Retrogression

Question 42

normal myeloid to erythroid ratio

Answer 42

2:1, 3:1, 4:1

Question 43

ratio of marrow cells to fat

Answer 43

marrow cellularity

Question 44

Site of adult hematopoietic tissue

Answer 44

Bone marrow (major site) Liver thymus Spleen Lymph nodes

Question 45

most commonly used site for bone marrow collection

Answer 45

Posterior iliac crest

Question 46

is it very rarely used site -for lie supine position

Answer 46

Anterior iliac crest

Question 47

needle used for trephine core biopsy

Answer 47

trephine biopsy needle jamshidi needle westerman-jensen needle

Question 48

needle used for bone marrow aspirate

Answer 48

aspiration needle university of illinois sternal needle

Question 49

Bone marrow smears should be retained for

Answer 49

10 years

Question 50

how many cells should be counted for a bone marrow differential

Answer 50

atleast 500, and preferably 1000 cells

Question 51

The most predominant cell in the bone marrow

Answer 51

metamylocyte