W9 Trigeminal and facial n Flashcards
What type of nerve is the Trigeminal?
Sensory and motor
Where does the trigeminal nerve exit?
Superior orbital fissure;
Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale of the Sphenoid bone
What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
V1 - Ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
General sensory to face and structures of the orbit, nasal cavity and oral cavity.
Motor muscles of mastication, mylohyoid and posterior belly on diagastric
Describe the V1 Ophthalmic division
Smallest of 3 divisions, sensory, passes through superior orbital fissure.
(Sensory) Afferents to the lateral portion of the upper eyelid, conjuctiva and lacrimal gland, PNS to lacrimal gland
Describe the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Sensory; passes through foramen rotundum.
Afferent nerve branches of the maxillary nerve carry sensory information for the maxilla and overlying skin, maxillary sinuses, nasal cavity, palate, nasopharyn and part of the dura mater.
UPP teeth, buccal, palatal gingiva, hard and soft palate, upper lip
Define the Superior Alveolar Nerve (branch of trig, V2)
Sensory from maxillary central incisors, laterals and canines and associated periodontium and gingiva on labial aspect.
Originates from dental branches of anterior teeth and exit through apical foramina. Interdental branches form dental plexus. Ascends within anterior wall of maxillary sinus.
Unites with terminal branches of InfraOrbital nerve to become the IO nerve in the floor of the orbit.
Define the Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve
Sensory from premolars ad mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar and associated periodontium and gingiva on buccal aspect.
Originates from dental branches of the middle teeth that exit through the apical foramina. Interdental branches form dental plexus.
Ascends within lateral wall of maxillary sinus to reach the floor of orbit, unites with infraorbital nerve in the floor of orbit. Not present in all patients
Describe the Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (trig. V²)
Sensory from maxillary molar (except MB roots) and associated periodontium and gingiva on buccal aspect.
Originates from dental branches of the premolar teeth that exit through apical foramina.
Receives interdental bracnhes from the surrounding periodotium, forming a dental plexus.
Ascends along posterior wall of maxilla, exits bone through foramina on posterior wall of maxillla and maxillary tuberosity.
Unities with the superficial branch on buccal aspect maxilla.
Travels superiorly along infratemporal surface of maxilla, passes through the ptergyomaxillary fissure to unit with V²
Describe the Greater Palatine Nerve
Sensory from the palatal mucosa and gingiva of the posterior 2/3 of the hard palate.
Located between the mucoperiosteum and bone of the posterior hard palate.
Travels posteriorly to enter the greater palatine foramen, Travels within the pterygopalatine canal along the greater palatine blood vessels to the pterygopalatine fossa.
Unites with Lesser palatine nerve to form palatine nerve,
Describe the Lesser Palatine Nerve (trig. V²)
Sensory from the palatal mucosa of the soft palate and palatine tonsils.
Travels anteriorly from the soft palate and palatine tonsils to enter the lesser palatine foramen.
Unites with the greater palatine nerve to form the palatine nerve and travels superiorly within the pterygopalatine canal, to the pterygopalatine fossa.
Describe the Nasopalatine Nerve (trig, V²)
Sensory from the palatal mucosa and gingiva of the anterior 1/3 of the hard palate.
Located between the mucoperiosteum and bone of the anterior hard palate. Both the right and left NP nerves enter the incisive canal by the way of the incisive foramen, deep to the incisive papilla.
Travels superiorly and posteriorly across nasal septum and enters the pterygopalatine fossa with the posterior superior nasal nerve via sphenopalatine foramen
Describe the Mandibular Division (trig, V³)
Largest of 3 divisions. Passes through Foramen Ovale.
Sensory and motor.
Afferent nerve branches of the mandibular nerve carry sensory info for the mandible and overlying skin, tongue, floor of mouth, and part of the dura mater.
Efferent: to the muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric and tensor tympani and tensory veli palatini muscles.
Lwr teeth buccal/lingual gingiva, floor of mouth, anterior 1/3 of tongue and lower lip
How many divisions of the mandibular and their functions?
2
Anterior division: muscles of mastication (motor)
Posterior Division:
- auriculotemporal(sensory),
- inferior alveolar(sensory),
- mylohyoid (motor)
Describe the Long Buccal Nerve from the mandibular division (V³)
Sensory for the skin of the cheek, buccal mucous membranes, and buccal gingiva of the mandibular posterior teeth.
Travels posteriorly in the cheek deep to the masseter muscle.
At the level of the occlusal plane of the most distal molar of the mandibular arch, the nerve crosses the anterior border of the ramus and travels superiorly between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle to join the anterior trunk of V3.
Describe the Inferior alveolar nerve of the mental nerve (V³)
V³. Interdental branches form dental plexus. Sensory for the skin of chin, lower lip, and labial mucosa of the mandibular premolars and anterior teeth.
Travels posteriorly to enter the mental foramen and unit with the incisive nerve to form the IAN.
Describe the Inferior Alveolar Nerve - Incisive Nerve (V³)
Originates from dental branches of the anterior and premolar teeth and exit through the apical foramina.
Receives interdental branches from the surround periodontium forming a dental plexus in the region.
Receives the mental nerve and continues through the mandible as the Inferior Alveolar Nerve.
Describe the Lingual Nerve (V³)
Sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue, FOM, lingual gingiva.
Formed from union of sensory branches from the body of the tongue.
Travels posteriorly through FOM to close proximity to most distal molars. At the base of the tongue, the lingual nerve ascends and runs between the medial pterygoid muscle and the mandibile, anterior and slightly medial to the inferior alveolar nerve.
Unites with V³ branch
