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DOH110 Oral Health sciences 1 > W8 Peridontium, Cementum, Alveolar bone > Flashcards

W8 Peridontium, Cementum, Alveolar bone Flashcards

1
Q

Define the periodontum

A

Collectively refers to the cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament

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2
Q

Define Cementum

A

In health is not visible, no nerve supply, avascular, recieves nutrition from PDL space

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3
Q

What is the function of the peridontium?

A
  • Covers root surface
  • Seal for dental tubules
  • Attachment for the periodontal ligament fibers that hold tooth in socket
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4
Q

What is the chemical matrix of cementun?

A

Inorganic: 40-50% calcium hydroxyapatite
Organic: 50-55% Collagen fibres
- Bound water

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5
Q

What are the physical properties of cementum?

A
  • Less mineralised than dentine & enamel
  • Approximately as hard as bone
  • Yellow slightly lighter than dentine
  • Lacks lustre, in contrast to enamel
  • Softer than enamel, low abrasion resistance
  • Unusual, may characteristics of hard tissue, but some are absent
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6
Q

How can cementum be classified?

A
  1. Presence or Absence of Cells (acellular or cellular)
  2. Nature of Organic Matrix fibers (extrinsic or intrinsic
  3. Combination of 1 &2
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7
Q

Define Acellular cementum

A

Layer immediately overlying the dentine, formed completely before the deposition of secondary cementum begins. Role is to provide attachment.
Deposited by the epithelial root cells,before root sheath cell disintegrated

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8
Q

Define Cellular Cementun

A

Thick layer of Cellular cementum covers the apical part of the root
• Deposited by cementoblasts of the PDL
• Cementocytes
• No nerves, relatively avascular nutrition from PDL via cementocytes process
• Has a adaptive role in response to tooth wear/movement
• Faster rate of matrix formation

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9
Q

Define cementocyte

A

cementum cells, located with in the cellular cementum

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10
Q

Define odontoblasts

A

Form new cementum

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11
Q

What are extrinsic fibers?

A

Sharpey fibers are a portion of the collagen fibers from the PDL, that are partially inserted into the outer part of the cementum at 90deg to the cemental surface.

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12
Q

Define Intrinsic Fibers

A

Derived from cementoblasts, parallel to root surface, at approx right angel to extrinsic fibers

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13
Q

Define the cementoenamel junction

A

The deposition of cementum differs amongst individuals at the CEJ

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14
Q

What are 2 changes to the cementum?

A
  1. Age related changes

2. Cemental repair

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15
Q

What happens in age related changes?

A

Surface irregularity, narrowing of apical canal, reversal lines

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16
Q

What happens in cemental repair

A

Cells are programmed to maintain the smooth surface of the root after resorption
-Defects arise because of traumatic occlusion, tooth movement, hyereruption

17
Q

What is concresence?

A

Union of root structure of two or more teeth by cementum. Can cause complications for extraction

18
Q

What is cementum caries?

A

Root surface caries, increases as gingival recession occurs, usually more prevalent in older adults and periodontal disease

19
Q

What is periodontal ligament?

A

Fibrous Connective trissue between alveolar process and cementum. Composed of fibers, cells and ground substance

20
Q

What is the PDL composed of?

A

Composed of connective tissues, fibers, cells and ground substance

21
Q

What is the function of PDL?

A

Provides for the attachment of the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone through the cementum.
Is to permit the tooth to with stand the force of mastication

22
Q

What is the composition of PDL?

A

CT fibres, collagen fibers (sharpeys fibres), ground sustance, nerves,

23
Q

Name cells that are found in PDL

A
  • FIBROBLASTS, OSTEOBLASTS (form new bone), CEMENTOBLASTS
  • ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
  • MACROPHAGES & OSTEOCLASTS
  • EPITHELIAL RESTS
  • UNDIFFERENTIATED MESENCHYMAL CELLS
  • BLOOD CELLS
24
Q

Name the 4 types of fibres within the gingival group

A

ALVEOLOGIINGIVAL (free)
DENTOGINGIVAL (attached)
CIRCULAR/CIRCUMFERENTIAL FIBERS
DENTOPERIOSTEAL

25
Q

What is the function of the transeptal group?

A

The function of the interdental ligament is to resist rotational forces and thus hold the teeth in interproximal contact

26
Q

What subgroups are within the dentoalveolar group?

A 
ALVEOLAR CREST GROUP
HORIZONTAL GROUP
OBLIQUE GROUP
APICAL GROUP
INTERRADICULAR GROUP
27
Q

What is the function of the dentoalveolar group?

A

In summation to resist tilting, extrusive and instrusive forces, rotational forces

28
Q

What is the alveolars crests function and where is it located?

A

Resist tilting, exstrusive forces and rotational. Dentoalveolar bone - loacted near cervical area, just below CEJ’

29
Q

What is the horizontal groups function and where is it located?

A

Dentolveolar group - resists tilting mesially, distally, palatally, buccally & rotational forces. Located from midroot to cementum

30
Q

What is the oblique group and where is it located?

A

Dentoalveolar group: resists instrusive forces, pushing tooth inwards, rotational forces. Located above apical zone upward toward alveolar bone

31
Q

What is the apical group and where is it located?

A

Dentoalveolar group: exstrusive forces, resist rotational forces, works with alveolar crest. Located apical of t root

32
Q

What is the Interadicular fiber group and where is it located?

A

Dentoalveolar group: extended beteen roots to alveolar bone proper

33
Q

Define Alveolar bone

A

Part of the maxilla and mandible, that supports the roots of the teeth, existence is dependent on teeth.

Develops by intramembranous ossification

34
Q

What is the chemical composition of the Alveolar Bone?

A

60% inorganic (hydroxylapitie)
25% organic material
15% water

35
Q

What is the composition of the gross anatomy of the alveolar bone?

A

CORTICAL PLATE (buccal/lingual)
• Compact bone with periosteum
CRISBRISORM PLATE (socket wall):
• Radiographically = lamina dura
• Presence is indicator of health of PA tissues
CANCELLOUS BONE
• Spongy bone, trabeculae with bone marrow and spaces in between

DOH110 Oral Health sciences 1 (25 decks)

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