W4 Interaction biofilm

Question 1

What at neutorphils? PMNs

Answer 1

1st line of defense, phagocytosis. They die quickly. Attracted to bacteria by a process of chemotaxis

Question 2

What are macrophages?

Answer 2

Eat bacteria and cellular debris, function in phagocytosis, produce inflammatory molecules

Question 3

What are Lymphocytes T-cells?

Answer 3

Cellular mediated immunity, provide help to coordinate nonspecific and specific responses

Question 4

What are Lymphocytes B-cells?

Answer 4

Interact directly with the antigen to differentiate into cells that produce antigen specific antibody.
Plasma B cells (secrete large volumes of antibodies
Memory B cells

Question 5

What are antigen presenting cells?

Answer 5

Groups of immunocompetent cells that mediate cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to T-cell receptor. (Macrophages, dendritic cells, langerhans cells and B- lympphocytes

Question 6

What is the complement system?

Answer 6

Spring to action when they sense foreign bodies, they start and maintain inflamation
↑ effectivness of immune response
Aid in phagocytosis
Lysis of cell membranes

Question 7

What are biological mediators?

Answer 7

Active compounds secreted by the immune cells that activate the bodys inflammatory response.. Important in periodontal disease.

• Cytokines
• Prostaglandins
• Matrix metalloprteinases (MMPs)

Question 8

What are cytokines?

Answer 8

Protein cell products that act as a message to other cells telling them how to behave.

• Recruit cells to site
• Increase vascular permeability

Question 9

What are Prostaglandions and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)

Answer 9

P: Powerful inflammatory mediators, ↑ permeability and dilation of blood vessels to promote movement of immune cells to infection site.
MMPs: In chronic infection MMPs are released in an attempt to kill invading bacteria

Question 10

What is acute inflammation?

Answer 10

Lasts only a few days, signs of redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function. Immobilize the area of injury.

Question 11

What is the process of which acute inflammatory process?

Answer 11

The main components of the acute inflammatory response are cytokines
acute-phase proteins
leukocytes (neutrophils, macrophages)

Question 12

What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation?

Answer 12

• Complete resolution
• Scarring (fibrosis)
  Abscess formation
• Progression to chronic inflammation

Question 13

What is chronic inflammation?

Answer 13

Can last weeks, months or even indefinetely and cause tissue damage, inflamation becomes problems rather than solution

Question 14

What is the processes of chronic inflammation?

Answer 14

Active inflammation (lymphocyte, macrophage, plasma cell. Tissue destruction by inflammatory cells.
Tissue healing (repair/fibrosis)

Question 15

Define enamel lesion formation?

Answer 15

Whitespot/Incipient lesion. Demineralisation ↑ pore volume of enamel. Appear white, lesion progression follows rod/prism direction.