W1 Dental terminology

Question 1

how many teeth do adults have?

Answer 1

32

Question 2

how many teeth do children have?

Answer 2

20

Question 3

Whats the difference between adult & decidous

Answer 3

Deciduous teeth are whiter (dentine thicker)

Question 4

whats the mandibular mean?

Answer 4

lower jaw

Question 5

whats the maxillary jaw mean?

Answer 5

relates to the upper jaw

Question 6

what is a mixed dentition

Answer 6

a series of primary and secondary teeth

Question 7

FDI notation

Answer 7

ways we can numerically associate numbers with teeth

Question 8

Palmers notation

Answer 8

used by dental professions to associate info with a specific tooth

Question 9

Midline

Answer 9

imaginary line dividing the body into left and right

Question 10

Describe the buccal surface

Answer 10

a surface of the tooth, posterior towards the cheek

Question 11

Describe Labial

Answer 11

an anterior surface of the tooth closest to the lip

Question 12

What is the basic composition of GIC?

Answer 12

Cement powder: Aluminosilicate glass (calcium or strontium), fluoride (oxygen scavenger)
+
Acid polymer: Polyalkeonic

Question 13

What does GIC stand for?

Answer 13

Glass-Ionomer Cement

Question 14

What is the composition of Ion-leachable Glass?

Answer 14

Sodium fluoride
Calcium fluoride
Aluminium fluoride
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium phosphate
Silicon dioxide

Question 15

What is the 3 stages of setting reaction?

Answer 15

Dissolution
Precipitation of Salts
Hydration of Salts

Question 16

Describe Dissolution

Answer 16

The surface layer of the glass is attached by the polyacid to form a diffusion-based union between the two. 20-30% of the glass is decomposed and calcium/strontium, aluminium and fluoride ions are released to yeild a cement sol.

Question 17

Describe Precipitation of Salts

Answer 17

Initial clinical set occurs by cross-linkage of the more readily available ions. Reaction is rapid 4-10 minutes from start of mixing. Maturation takes place over 24 hours

Question 18

Describe the Hydration of Salts

Answer 18

Maturation phase of the progressive hydration of the matrix salts resulting in improvement of the physical properties ,takes place upto several days.

Final material is porous enough to allow free movement of hydroxyl and fluoride ions in and out of material

Question 19

Advantages of GIC?

Answer 19

Biological potential of GIC
Resistance to plaque
Pulp response to GIC
Fluoride release
Sensitivity to luting materials

Question 20

What is meant by Biological potential of GIC?

Answer 20

Contains calcium, strontium, and fluoride ions- all are able to migrate in and out of material and aid remineralisation

Question 21

What is meant by Resistance to plaque

Answer 21

Colonies FAIL to thrive in presence of fluoride

Question 22

What is meant by Pulp response to GIC?

Answer 22

Creates very favorable conditions. Acid of material pH ranges between 0.9-1.6 but increases within the first hour and inflammation resolves 10-20 days

Question 23

How long does fluoride release in GIC restoration?

Answer 23

It has major clinical significance and can continue upto 7 years after restoration is placed

Question 24

What is the solubility level of the GIC?

Answer 24

Low referring to does not dissolve in water

Question 25

Can GIC disintegrate?

Answer 25

Higher rates in patients with Xerostomia <1year unless laminated with composite resin

Question 26

Is GIC susceptible to fracture and abrasion?

Answer 26

Brittle fracture yes, it is also less resistant to abrasion but improves as it matures

Question 27

Explain how GIC bonds to the tooth

Answer 27

Initiated by polyalkeonic acid → calcium of hydroxylapatite → phosphate ions are then displaced. Setting of GIC release of mineral ions from enamel/dentine leads to buffering of polyacid a ↑ pH and re-precipitation of minerals at the tooth interface.

Chemical bonding occurs through combined
calcium/strontium phosphate/polyalkenoiate
crystalline structure acting as an interface
between both enamel/dentine and the set
material. Known as diffusion-based adhesion.

Question 28

What are the barries to adhesion?

Answer 28

If smear layer is not removed
Contamination of blood, saliva excess water
If setting reaction is far advanced before application

Question 29

What is the water balance of autocure GIC?

Answer 29

Water in: immediately critical

Water out: critical for 6 months

Question 30

What is the water balance of Resin-modified and other GICs?

Answer 30

Water in: less critical for RM

Water out: critical for two weeks for all cements

Question 31

Describe the clinical handling of GIC

Answer 31

10% polyacyrlic acid function to condition prepared cavity and removes smear layer. DO NOT etch.

Question 32

What are the indications for GIC?

Answer 32

Deciduous teeth
Root caries
Temp restorations
Fissure protections

Question 33

What are the contraindication of GIC?

Answer 33

Class IV fractures
Lost cusp areas
Under PFMS
Areas of high occlusal load

Question 34

List 4 advantages of GIC

Answer 34

Bonds to enamel and dentine
Fluoride release and recharge
Tooth coloured
Minimal cavity prep

Question 35

List 4 disadvantaged of GIV

Answer 35

Poor wear resistance
Poor longevity in xerostomic patients
Less polishability than resin
Opacity higher than resin