W5 Muscles of tongue Flashcards
The muscle of the tongue can be divided into 2 components, name them
The bulk of tongue is made up of striated muscle, which can be divided into:
Intrinsic muscle: Origin within the tongue. Responsible for altering it’s shape.
Extrinsic muscle: has origins outside of the tongue, but all fibres insert into it; acts principally
Name the instrinsic muscles of the tongues direction of fibres, actions, innervations, blood supply
Direction of Fibres:
Superior longitudinal group
Inferior longitudinal group
Transverse group
Verticle group
Actions; Alters the shape of tongue in all planes.
Innervates CNXII - hypoglossal n.
Blood supply: Lingual artery and veins
Name the (4) intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Superior Longitudinal
- Inferior Longitudinal
- Transverse Longitudinal
- Vertical Longitudinal
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Superior longitudinal instrinsic muscle?
Origin: Median Fibrous Septum Submucosa near epiglottis. Inserts: Submucosa along edges of the tongue
Action: Shortens Located immediately deep to mucous membrane dorsal of tongue.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the inferior longitudinal instrinsic muscle?
Origin: Root of tongue
Insertion: Submucosa at the apex of the tongue
Actions: Shortens Runs along width of tongue
What is the origin, insertion and action of the transverse longitudinal instrinsic muscle?
Origin Median fibrous septum,
Insertion: Fibrous tissue in submucosa of the sides of the tongue
Action: Narrows Runs along width of tongue
What is the origin, insertion and action of the vertical longitudinal instrinsic muscle?
Origin: submucosa of the upper layer of the tongue.
Insertion: submucosa of lower layer of the tongue
Action: broadens and flattens. Runs superior to inferior aspect of tongue
What innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII 12) except for palataglossis which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal part of vagus nerve and cranial part of accessory nerve).
What are the (4) extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossis
Palatoglossus
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Genioglossus extrinsic muscle?
Origin: Superior Genial Tubercles of mandible.
Insertion: Ventral surface of the tongue & body of hyoid
Actions:
- Protrusion of tongue
- Depresses tongue
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Hyoglossis extrinsic muscle?
Origin Hyoid Bone (greater cornu and portion of body)
Insertion: lateral border of the tongue.
Action: depresses tongue
Lingual n, hypoglossal n and submandibular duct is located lateral to this muscle
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Styloglossus extrinsic muscle?
Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Lateral border of the tongue its apex and the border of the body and base.
Actions: retracts tongue and slightly elevates (↑↓) Smallest of the extrinsic tongue muscles
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Palatoglossis extrinsic muscle?
Origin: Anterior soft palate
Insertion: lateral border of the tongue.
Action: elevates tongue and narrows.
Can be grouped as exstrinsic or soft palate muscle
What are the function of the hyoid muscles?
They are considered an accessory muscle to the muscles of mastication as they have involvement in speech and chewing.
Instrinsic and Extrinsic are active in
- Helping to stabilize the hyoid bone
- Helping to depress the mandible
- Movement of the voice box
- Assist in movement of the tongue
Name the (2) groups of the hyoid muscles and functions
Suprahyoid group: located superior to the hyoid bone, form the bulk of the floor of mouth. Connects the hyoid bone to the skull. All elevate the hyoid bone as apart of their actions.
Infrahyoid group: located inferior to the hyoid bone, called the strap muscles due to their appearance 4 pars of muscles and anchors the hyoid bone
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Geniogyoid? -(suprahyoid group)
Origin: Inferior Genial tubercles
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Actions: Elevated hyoid bone, Depresses mandible
Innervation: C1 via hypoglossa CNXII (12)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Mylohyoid? (suprahyoid group)
Origin: Mylohyoid ridge/line
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Actions: Elevates hyoid bone, depresses mandible
Innervation: Trigeminal nerve CNVIII - mylohyoid branch
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Stylohyoid? (suprahyoid group)
Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Actions: Elevates hyoid bone
Innervation: CNVII (7) Facial nerve - diagastric branch (stylohyoid nerve)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Digastric suprahyoid group?
Origin:
Anterior belly; diagastric fossa.
Posterior belly: mastoid process
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Actions: Elevates hyoid bone, retrudes mandible - lifts larynx Innervation:
Anterior belly: trigeminal CNV3 - mylohyoid branch.
Posterior belly: facial nerve diagastric branch
Name the (4) infrahyoid muscle group
Omohyoid - scapula to hyoid.
Sternhyoid - sternum to hyoid
Sternothyroid - sternum to thyroid cartilage of larynx, depresses larynx
Thyrohyoid: thyroid cartilage to hyoid
All depresses hyoid bone exceot for sternothyroid which depresses larynx
What are the functions of the soft palate?
Located towards the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth.
Connects laterally to the tongue
- Innvolved in speaking and swallowing.
- Seperates the nasopharyn and oral cavity during swallowing - this prevents food from entering the nasal cavity when eating.
- Muscles of soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus except the Tensor veli palatini muscle.
Name the (5) muscles of the soft palate
Levator Palatini: elevates palate
Tensor Palatini: tenses the palate
Palatoglossus: extrinsic muscle of tongue
Palatopharyngeus: hard palate and lateral wall of pharynx
Musculus uvulae: shortens uvula and pulls superiorly
Describe the muscles of the pharynx
It is apart of both the respiratory and digestive tract, both are connected to nasal and oral cavities.
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Larngopharynx
Muscles involved in speaking, swallowing and middle ear function.
IMPORTANT: What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Cervical muscle ?
Origin: median portion of the clavical and sternum.
Insertion: Mastoid process
Actions: One muscle contracts-face and front of neck rotate to the opposite side, bends headtowards chest. Extention and flexion
Innervation: CNXI (11) accessory nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Trapezium - Cervical muscle
Origin: External occipitial bone, and spinous process C7-T12
Insertion: Lateral 3rd of clavicle
Action: Shoulder shrug lifts the clavical and scapula
Innervation: CNXI accessory nerve & 3rd 4th cervical nerves
Describe the muscles of facial expression
All are innervated by the branches of he facial nerve (CN VII). Originates from bone
Insertion: into the skin to provide expression 7 main groups:
- Scalp group
- Orbital group
- Oral group
- Neck group
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Frontalis - Scalp group?
Origin: Aponeurosis
Inserts: Skin of eyebrow and root of nose
Action: Wrinkles forehead in expression and raises eyebrows.
Innervation: CNVII (7) (facial) temporal branch
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Occipitalis - scalp group?
Origin: Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line on occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone
Inserts: Aponeurosis
Action: Wrinkles forehead for expression
Innervation: CNVII (7th facial) post auricular branch
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Orbicularis occuli? - orbital group
Origin: Nasal part of the frontal bonel frontal process of the maxilla and medial palpebral ligament
Inserts: Encircle entire orbit
Action: more forceful closing of eye lids, winking
Innervation: CNVII (7 facial) Temporal and zygomatic branches
What (4) muscles are in the scapal group and what is their association?
Consists of :
- Epicranial muscle
- Epicranial aponeurosis
- Frontal belly
- Occipital belly.
The two bellies are joined via the epicranial aponeurosis aka galea aponeurotica. Forming the scalp layers. Frontalis and Occipitalis.
What (3) muscles are in the orbital group ?
- Orbicularis oculi
- Palpebral
- Corrugator Supercilii
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Palpebral? - orbital group
Origin: Medial palpebral ligament
Insertion: Lateral Palpebral Raphe
Actions: Gentle closire of eyelids
Innervation CBVII (7th facial nerve) Temporal and zygomatic branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Corrugator Supercilii? - orbital group
Origin: Frontal Bone
Insertion: skin tissue at middle of eyebrow
Actions: draws the eyebrow medially and inferiorly
Innvervation: CNVII (7th facial nerve - temporal branch
What are the (4) muscle of the nasal group?
Procerus
Nasalis: transverse
Nasali:alar part
Depressor septi
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Nasalis - Nasal group?
- Compressor naris (transverse)
- Dilator naris (alar)
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion:
- Compressor naris of opposite side.
- nasal cartilage
Action:
- compresses the nostril.
- Dilates the nostril
Invervates: CNVII - Zygomatic and buccal branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Depresso septi - Nasal group?
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: nasal septum
Action: draws nasal septum anteriourly to constrict nostril Innvervation: CNVII (7) Zygomatic and buccal branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Procerus - Nasal group?
Origin: nasal bone, lateral nasal cartilage
Insertion: skin of the bridge of the nose
Action: brings skin together producing transcerse wrinkles on the bridge of the nose
Innervation: CNVII (7) temporal and zygomatic branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Buccinator? - oral group
Origin: alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: posterior end of mylohyoid line and fibres course forward to blend into the orbicularis oris, upp ; lwr lip
Action: Compresses the cheeks during chewing; also compresses the distened checks as in blowing a horn. Pulls the angle of the mouth laterally and shortens cheek oth vertically and horizontally
Innervation: CNVII buccal branch
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Orbiularis Oris? - oral group
Origin: mucosa of the lips, alveolar bone
Insertion: skin along the mouth
Action: Closes the mouth, protrusion of lops, pursing of lips Innervation: CNVII (7) buccal and mandibular branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Risorius? oral group
Origin: fascia overlying parotid gland (superficial muscle) Insertion: Into the skin at the angle of the mouth
Action: Stretches angle of mouth Laterally- as in grinning Retracting the labial commissures and widening the oral cavity
Innervation: CNVII - buccal and zygomatic branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Zygomaticus Major?
Origin: zygomatic bone (anterior to zygomatico temporal suture Insertion: angle of mouth
Action: Moves angle of mouth superiorly and laterally as in laughing
Innervation: CNVII (7) zygomatic and buccal branhes
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Zygomaticus minor - oral group
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: lateral upper lip
Action: helps elevate the upper lip (assits in smiling)
Innervation: CNVII (7) zygomatic and buccal branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the levator labii superioris
Origin: along inferior margin of orbit from maxilla
Insertion: lateral side of upper lip
Action: elevates upper lip
Innervation: CNVII - zygomatic and buccal branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi? - oral group
Origin: frontal process of the maxilla
Insertion: inserts by two slips.
- into alar cartilage of nose
- laterla surface of upper lip
Action: Elevates upper lop and dilates the nostril
Innervation: CNVII (7) facial zygomatic and buccal branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Levator Anguli Oris?
Origin: Canine fossa of maxillar
Insertion: into the angle of the mouth
Action: elevates angle of mouth
Innervation: CNVII (7) facial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Depressor anguli oris? - oral group
Origin: From area near external oblique line of mandible Insertion: Into the angle of the mouth, blend with fibers of other muscles
Action: depresses corner of mouth, as in expression of sadness. Innervation: CNVII (7) - buccal and mandibular branches
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Depressor labii inferioris? - oral group
Origin:b/w apex of premolars
Insertion: into the lower lip at midline blending with other muscles
Action: depresses lower lip, exposing the mandibular incisors Innervation: CNVII -Mandibular branch
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Mentalis? - oral group
Origin: from the mandible at the midline (deep muscles of lwr lip) insertion: into the skin of the lower lip
Action: raises and protrudes lower lip
Innervation: CNVII (7) mandibular branch
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Platysma? - oral group
Origin: superficical fascia of thorax
Insertion: inferior border of mandible
Action: wrinkles skin of the neck, grimace face
Innervation: CNVII - cervical branch
