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DOH110 Oral Health sciences 1 > W5 Muscles of tongue > Flashcards

W5 Muscles of tongue Flashcards

1
Q

The muscle of the tongue can be divided into 2 components, name them

A

The bulk of tongue is made up of striated muscle, which can be divided into:

Intrinsic muscle: Origin within the tongue. Responsible for altering it’s shape.

Extrinsic muscle: has origins outside of the tongue, but all fibres insert into it; acts principally

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2
Q

Name the instrinsic muscles of the tongues direction of fibres, actions, innervations, blood supply

A

Direction of Fibres:

Superior longitudinal group

Inferior longitudinal group

Transverse group

Verticle group

Actions; Alters the shape of tongue in all planes.

Innervates CNXII - hypoglossal n.

Blood supply: Lingual artery and veins

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3
Q

Name the (4) intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  1. Superior Longitudinal
  2. Inferior Longitudinal
  3. Transverse Longitudinal
  4. Vertical Longitudinal
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4
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Superior longitudinal instrinsic muscle?

A

Origin: Median Fibrous Septum Submucosa near epiglottis. Inserts: Submucosa along edges of the tongue

Action: Shortens Located immediately deep to mucous membrane dorsal of tongue.

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5
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the inferior longitudinal instrinsic muscle?

A

Origin: Root of tongue

Insertion: Submucosa at the apex of the tongue

Actions: Shortens Runs along width of tongue

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6
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the transverse longitudinal instrinsic muscle?

A

Origin Median fibrous septum,

Insertion: Fibrous tissue in submucosa of the sides of the tongue

Action: Narrows Runs along width of tongue

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the vertical longitudinal instrinsic muscle?

A

Origin: submucosa of the upper layer of the tongue.

Insertion: submucosa of lower layer of the tongue

Action: broadens and flattens. Runs superior to inferior aspect of tongue

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8
Q

What innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII 12) except for palataglossis which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal part of vagus nerve and cranial part of accessory nerve).

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9
Q

What are the (4) extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossis

Palatoglossus

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Genioglossus extrinsic muscle?

A

Origin: Superior Genial Tubercles of mandible.

Insertion: Ventral surface of the tongue & body of hyoid

Actions:

  • Protrusion of tongue
  • Depresses tongue
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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Hyoglossis extrinsic muscle?

A

Origin Hyoid Bone (greater cornu and portion of body)

Insertion: lateral border of the tongue.

Action: depresses tongue

Lingual n, hypoglossal n and submandibular duct is located lateral to this muscle

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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Styloglossus extrinsic muscle?

A

Origin: Styloid process

Insertion: Lateral border of the tongue its apex and the border of the body and base.

Actions: retracts tongue and slightly elevates (↑↓) Smallest of the extrinsic tongue muscles

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Palatoglossis extrinsic muscle?

A

Origin: Anterior soft palate

Insertion: lateral border of the tongue.

Action: elevates tongue and narrows.

Can be grouped as exstrinsic or soft palate muscle

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14
Q

What are the function of the hyoid muscles?

A

They are considered an accessory muscle to the muscles of mastication as they have involvement in speech and chewing.

Instrinsic and Extrinsic are active in

  • Helping to stabilize the hyoid bone
  • Helping to depress the mandible
  • Movement of the voice box
  • Assist in movement of the tongue
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15
Q

Name the (2) groups of the hyoid muscles and functions

A

Suprahyoid group: located superior to the hyoid bone, form the bulk of the floor of mouth. Connects the hyoid bone to the skull. All elevate the hyoid bone as apart of their actions.

Infrahyoid group: located inferior to the hyoid bone, called the strap muscles due to their appearance 4 pars of muscles and anchors the hyoid bone

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Geniogyoid? -(suprahyoid group)

A

Origin: Inferior Genial tubercles

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Actions: Elevated hyoid bone, Depresses mandible

Innervation: C1 via hypoglossa CNXII (12)

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Mylohyoid? (suprahyoid group)

A

Origin: Mylohyoid ridge/line

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Actions: Elevates hyoid bone, depresses mandible

Innervation: Trigeminal nerve CNVIII - mylohyoid branch

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Stylohyoid? (suprahyoid group)

A

Origin: Styloid process

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Actions: Elevates hyoid bone

Innervation: CNVII (7) Facial nerve - diagastric branch (stylohyoid nerve)

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Digastric suprahyoid group?

A

Origin:

Anterior belly; diagastric fossa.

Posterior belly: mastoid process

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Actions: Elevates hyoid bone, retrudes mandible - lifts larynx Innervation:

Anterior belly: trigeminal CNV3 - mylohyoid branch.

Posterior belly: facial nerve diagastric branch

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20
Q

Name the (4) infrahyoid muscle group

A

Omohyoid - scapula to hyoid.

Sternhyoid - sternum to hyoid

Sternothyroid - sternum to thyroid cartilage of larynx, depresses larynx

Thyrohyoid: thyroid cartilage to hyoid

All depresses hyoid bone exceot for sternothyroid which depresses larynx

21
Q

What are the functions of the soft palate?

A

Located towards the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth.

Connects laterally to the tongue

  • Innvolved in speaking and swallowing.
  • Seperates the nasopharyn and oral cavity during swallowing - this prevents food from entering the nasal cavity when eating.
  • Muscles of soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus except the Tensor veli palatini muscle.
22
Q

Name the (5) muscles of the soft palate

A

Levator Palatini: elevates palate

Tensor Palatini: tenses the palate

Palatoglossus: extrinsic muscle of tongue

Palatopharyngeus: hard palate and lateral wall of pharynx

Musculus uvulae: shortens uvula and pulls superiorly

23
Q

Describe the muscles of the pharynx

A

It is apart of both the respiratory and digestive tract, both are connected to nasal and oral cavities.

  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Larngopharynx

Muscles involved in speaking, swallowing and middle ear function.

24
Q

IMPORTANT: What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Cervical muscle ?

A

Origin: median portion of the clavical and sternum.

Insertion: Mastoid process

Actions: One muscle contracts-face and front of neck rotate to the opposite side, bends headtowards chest. Extention and flexion

Innervation: CNXI (11) accessory nerve

25
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Trapezium** - Cervical muscle
**Origin**: External occipitial bone, and spinous process C7-T12 **Insertion**: Lateral 3rd of clavicle **Action**: Shoulder shrug lifts the clavical and scapula **Innervation**: CNXI accessory nerve & 3rd 4th cervical nerves
26
Describe the muscles of facial expression
All are innervated by the branches of he facial nerve (CN VII). **Originates** from bone **Insertion**: into the skin to provide expression 7 main groups: 1. Scalp group 2. Orbital group 3. Oral group 4. Neck group
27
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Frontalis** - Scalp group?
**Origin**: Aponeurosis **Inserts**: Skin of eyebrow and root of nose **Action**: Wrinkles forehead in expression and raises eyebrows. **Innervation**: CNVII (7) (facial) temporal branch
28
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Occipitalis** - scalp group?
**Origin**: Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line on occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone **Inserts**: Aponeurosis **Action**: Wrinkles forehead for expression **Innervation**: CNVII (7th facial) post auricular branch
29
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Orbicularis occuli**? - orbital group
**Origin**: Nasal part of the frontal bonel frontal process of the maxilla and medial palpebral ligament **Inserts**: Encircle entire orbit **Action**: more forceful closing of eye lids, winking **Innervation**: CNVII (7 facial) Temporal and zygomatic branches
30
What (4) muscles are in the scapal group and what is their association?
Consists of : * Epicranial muscle * Epicranial aponeurosis * Frontal belly * Occipital belly. ​The two bellies are joined via the epicranial aponeurosis aka galea aponeurotica. Forming the scalp layers. Frontalis and Occipitalis.
31
What (3) muscles are in the orbital group ?
1. Orbicularis oculi 2. Palpebral 3. Corrugator Supercilii
32
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Palpebral**? - orbital group
**Origin**: Medial palpebral ligament **Insertion**: Lateral Palpebral Raphe **Actions**: Gentle closire of eyelids **Innervation** CBVII (7th facial nerve) Temporal and zygomatic branches
33
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Corrugator Supercilii**? - orbital group
**Origin**: Frontal Bone **Insertion**: skin tissue at middle of eyebrow **Actions**: draws the eyebrow medially and inferiorly **Innvervation**: CNVII (7th facial nerve - temporal branch
34
What are the (4) muscle of the nasal group?
Procerus Nasalis: transverse Nasali:alar part Depressor septi
35
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of **Nasalis** - Nasal group?
1. Compressor naris (transverse) 2. Dilator naris (alar) **Origin**: Maxilla **Insertion**: 1. Compressor naris of opposite side. 2. nasal cartilage **Action**: 1. compresses the nostril. 2. Dilates the nostril **Invervates**: CNVII - Zygomatic and buccal branches
36
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of **Depresso septi** - Nasal group?
**Origin**: Maxilla **Insertion**: nasal septum **Action**: draws nasal septum anteriourly to constrict nostril **Innvervation**: CNVII (7) Zygomatic and buccal branches
37
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of **Procerus** - Nasal group?
**Origin**: nasal bone, lateral nasal cartilage **Insertion**: skin of the bridge of the nose **Action**: brings skin together producing transcerse wrinkles on the bridge of the nose **Innervation**: CNVII (7) temporal and zygomatic branches
38
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Buccinator**? - oral group
**Origin**: alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible **Insertion**: posterior end of mylohyoid line and fibres course forward to blend into the orbicularis oris, upp ; lwr lip **Action**: Compresses the cheeks during chewing; also compresses the distened checks as in blowing a horn. Pulls the angle of the mouth laterally and shortens cheek oth vertically and horizontally **Innervation**: CNVII buccal branch
39
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Orbiularis Oris**? - oral group
**Origin**: mucosa of the lips, alveolar bone **Insertion**: skin along the mouth **Action**: Closes the mouth, protrusion of lops, pursing of lips **Innervation**: CNVII (7) buccal and mandibular branches
40
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Risorius**? oral group
**Origin**: fascia overlying parotid gland (superficial muscle) **Insertion**: Into the skin at the angle of the mouth **Action**: Stretches angle of mouth Laterally- as in grinning Retracting the labial commissures and widening the oral cavity **Innervation**: CNVII - buccal and zygomatic branches
41
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Zygomaticus Major?**
**Origin**: zygomatic bone (anterior to zygomatico temporal suture **Insertion**: angle of mouth **Action**: Moves angle of mouth superiorly and laterally as in laughing **Innervation**: CNVII (7) zygomatic and buccal branhes
42
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Zygomaticus minor** - oral group
**Origin**: Zygomatic bone **Insertion**: lateral upper lip **Action**: helps elevate the upper lip (assits in smiling) **Innervation**: CNVII (7) zygomatic and buccal branches
43
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **levator labii superioris**
**Origin**: along inferior margin of orbit from maxilla **Insertion**: lateral side of upper lip **Action**: elevates upper lip **Innervation**: CNVII - zygomatic and buccal branches
44
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the levator **labii superioris alaeque nasi?** - oral group
**Origin**: frontal process of the maxilla **Insertion**: inserts by two slips. 1. into alar cartilage of nose 2. laterla surface of upper lip **Action**: Elevates upper lop and dilates the nostril **Innervation**: CNVII (7) facial zygomatic and buccal branches
45
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Levator Anguli Oris**?
**Origin**: Canine fossa of maxillar **Insertion**: into the angle of the mouth **Action**: elevates angle of mouth **Innervation**: CNVII (7) facial nerve
46
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the Depressor anguli oris? - oral group
**Origin**: From area near external oblique line of mandible **Insertion**: Into the angle of the mouth, blend with fibers of other muscles **Action**: depresses corner of mouth, as in expression of sadness. **Innervation**: CNVII (7) - buccal and mandibular branches
47
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Depressor labii inferioris**? - oral group
**Origin:b**/w apex of premolars **Insertion**: into the lower lip at midline blending with other muscles **Action**: depresses lower lip, exposing the mandibular incisors **Innervation**: CNVII -Mandibular branch
48
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Mentalis**? - oral group
**Origin**: from the mandible at the midline (deep muscles of lwr lip) **insertion**: into the skin of the lower lip **Action**: raises and protrudes lower lip **Innervation**: CNVII (7) mandibular branch
49
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the **Platysma**? - oral group
**Origin**: superficical fascia of thorax **Insertion**: inferior border of mandible **Action**: wrinkles skin of the neck, grimace face **Innervation**: CNVII - cervical branch

DOH110 Oral Health sciences 1 (25 decks)

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