W10 Salivary glands

Question 1

What is the biggest salivary gland?

Answer 1

Parotid gland, largest major encapsulated salivary gland. It is superficial in location and enclosed by the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia

Question 2

What is the location, innervation and blood supply of the parotid gland?

Answer 2

Location: extends irregularly from zygomatic arch to the angel of the mandible.

Innervation: Motor: PNS from glossopharyngeal.

Senosry: auriculotemporal branch of trigeminal nerve. (The facial nerve travels through the parotid gland but does not innervate it).

Blood supply: branches of the external carotid artery.

Question 3

What is the second largest gland?

Answer 3

Submandibular gland is the 2nd largest encapsulated major salivary gland. (Whartons duct).

This duct travels along FOM opens into the oral cavity and the sublingual caruncle along the side of the frenum in the FOM.

Question 4

What is the location, innervation and blood supply of the Submandibular gland?

Answer 4

Location: deep to the angle of the mandibular, stradles both submandibular/sublingual spaces. Superficical to mylohyoid muscle

Innervation: PNS to chorda typani nerve and facial nerve. (taste)

Blood supply: facial and lingual arteries

Question 5

What is the smallest salivary gland?

Answer 5

Sublingual salivary gland. It is not encapsulated. Major sublingual gland & 8-30 small minor glands.

The sublingial excretory duct (Bartholin’s duct) drains the major sublingual gland into the Whartons duct while multiple tiny ducts drain the minor sublingual glands into FOM.

Duct opens into oral caivty at the sublingual caruncle.

Question 6

What is the location, innervation and blood supply of the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer 6

Location: superior to mylohyoid muscle and medial to the body of the mandibular, also anterior to submandibular gland.

Innervation: PNS chorda tympani nerve and facial nerve.

Blood supply: branch of facial and lingual arteries

Question 7

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

Answer 7

Immune system, fluid balance, fat absorption

Question 8

What does the lymphatic system consit of?

Answer 8

Organs, transportation vessels and fluid known as lymph.

Question 9

What are lymphatic Vessels?

Answer 9

System of channels,m network of vessels, running parallel to the venous blood vessels in location.

Lymph is derived from blood plasma.

More numerous than blood vessels → transports lymphatic fluid during involuntary actions, skeletal muscle squeezing, breathing. Venous blood system,

Question 10

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 10

Branches through junctions, that are bean shaped, they are grouped in clusters. They move along connecting lymphatic vessels filtering toxins from the lympth → preventing toxins from entering the vascular system, returning blood of blood creates odema

Question 11

What are lymphatic ducts?

Answer 11

Small vessels converge to ducts, and empty into the venous system, drainage is location dependant

Question 12

What is lymph?

Answer 12

Transparent, slightly yellow. Alkaline in nature, derived from tissue fluid, 96% water and 4% solids

Question 13

What are the names of the superficial nodes of the head?

Answer 13

Superficial parotid, facial, retroauricular, anterior auricular, occipital

Question 14

Describe the deep nodes of the head

Answer 14

They are too deep to be palpated. Drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes of the neck. - Deep parotid (10) - Retropharyngeal (posterior) nodes

Question 15

Describe the nodes of the neck

Answer 15

Can be either superficial or deep.

Cervical lymph nodes drain either L or R. (except midline submental nodes, drain bilaterally) Superficial cervical lymph subgroups:

• submental
• submandibular
• external jugular
• anterior jugular

Deep cervical lymph nodes: superior, inferior

Question 16

Name the superficial nodes of the neck

Answer 16

Submental: 2-3#, inferior to the chin, superficial to mylohyoid muscle.

Drains: both chin, lwr lip, FOM, apex of tongue, man incisors. Empty → submandibular/deep cervical nodes.

Submandibular: 3-6#, located inferior border of ramus. Superficial to the submandibular salivary gland

External jugular: each side of the neck along external jugular vein

Anterior jugular: each side of the neck along anterior jugular vein

Question 17

Describe the location, number and drainage of the Submental node

Answer 17

Submental: 2-3 in number, inferior to the chin, superficial to mylohyoid muscle.

Drains: both chin, lwr lip, FOM, apex of tongue, man incisors.

Empty: → submandibular/deep cervical nodes.

Question 18

Describe the location, number and drainage of the submandibular node

Answer 18

3-6 in number located inferior border of ramus. Superficial to the submandibular salivary gland & within submandibular facial space.

Drains: cheeks, upper lip, body of tongue, anterior hard palate and associated teeth except mandibular incisors and maxillary 3rd molars.

Lymphatics from sublingual and submandibular drain into submandibular lymph nodes → deep cervical nodes (can be secondary to submental)

Question 19

Describe the location, number and drainage of the external jugular node

Answer 19

Located: each side of the neck along external jugular vein.

Superficial to sternocleodoid mastoid muscle. Secondary node for occipital, aurocular, anterior aurociular, superficial parotid nodes. → deep cervical nodes.

Question 20

Describe the location, number and drainage of the anterior jugular node

Answer 20

Located: each side of the neck along anterior jugular vein. Anterior to sternocleutoid mastoid muscle, infrahyoid reigon of the neck.

Empty → deep cervical nodes

Question 21

Where is the superior deep cervical lymph node located?

Answer 21

Jugulodiagastric. Deep beneath the sternocledoid mastoid muscle, superior to omohyoid muscle process, internal jugular vein.

Drains posterior nasal cavity, posterior hard palate, soft palate, base of tongue, maxillary third molars. Osephagus, trachea and thyroid

Question 22

Describe the Jugulodiagastric lymph node (tonsilar).

Answer 22

Jugular diagastric lymph node is a superior deep cervical lymph node (tonsilar node). Palpable when the palatine tonsils or pharynx is inflammed located inferior to the posterior belly of the diagastric muscle

Question 23

Where is the inferior deep cervical lymph node located?

Answer 23

Inferior deep cervical lymph node.

Located deep to the sternocleotoid mastoid muscle inferior to the omohyoid muscle. Courses the internal jugular vein.

Extends into the supra claviciular fossa, which is superior to each clavicle.

Inferior deep cervical nodes drain anterior potions of the skull, neck and superficial pectoral region, arm.

Question 24

Describe the jugulo-omohyoid lymph node

Answer 24

Prominent node of the inferior deep cervical nodes.

Located at crossing of omohyoid muscle and internal jugular vein.

Drains tongue and submental

Question 25

Describe the Accessory lymph nodes

Answer 25

2-6 in total. Locted at the inferior portion of neck. 11th cranial nerve (accessory).

Question 26

Describe the supraclavicular

Answer 26

Located at the clavical. 1-10 in total.

Drain at lateral cervical triangles.

Empties at jugular trunks.

Question 27

Describe the tonsils

Answer 27

Masses of lymphoid tissue.

Located in the oral cavity and pharynx.

Palatine and lingual tonsils; located at the oral cavity anterior and posterior foreshore pillars.

Lymphoid tissue located on the base of the tongue.

Pharyngeal and tubal tonsils: located on posterior wall of nasopharynx, Located posterior to the opening of the auditory tubes.