w8 nervous tissue Flashcards
what are appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells
Dendrites
what typically passes info from the cell to something else
axon
what are classic examples of a unipolar neuron and these cells have somas where
cells that bring sensory in from the body
have somas in the dorsal root ganglion
only has one nerve process extending from the cell body (neurite) (typically single, long projection)
unipolar
only has one nerve process extending from the cell body (neurite) (typically single, long projection)
unipolar (pesudounipolar)
bipolar nueron cell examples
middle retina
olfactory bulb
ganglia of VIII CN
what ___polar cells are most numerous in the brain
multipolar
classic exampleof multipolar neuron
upper motor neurons in the primary motor cortex
Golgi type I vs Golgi type II (size and typically what)
type 1 - larger cell bodies, typically found in projection neurons
type 2 - smaller and typically local interneurons
Purkinje cells function
participate in the processes of motor control and learning. They are the only cells that emit signals from the cerebellar cortex that is the outer layer of the cerebellum
afferent vs efferent neurons
Afferent - carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs TO the CNS (i.e., brain and spinal cord)
Efferent - carry motor information AWAY from the CNS to the muscles and glands of the body.
interneuron
(locally within a given nucleus)
central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system (CNS)
play vital roles in reflexes, neuronal oscillations, and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain
resting membrane potential for neurons
-75 to -35 mv for inside (-70)
excitatory vs inhibitory signals more or less negative and more or less likely
excitatory - depolarizes (makes less negative) [more likely that cells will send info to other cells]
inhibitory - hyperpolarizes (makes more negative) [less likely that cells will send info to other cells]
(all or none potential)
axon hillock
connects cell body to axon
axon
allow neurons to transmit electrical and chemical signals to other cells
dendrites
appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells
graded potentials associated w hat type gate channels and typically found on what
non-voltage gated channels
typically found on dendrites, soma, synaptic terminals
graded potential initiated on what and decrease w what 2 factors
initiated on dendrites
decrease w distance and time (proportional while action potential is all or none)
action and graded potential which one is long and short distance
action - long distance
graded - short distance
secretory potential is associated w release of what transmitters and what are 2 examples
release of neurotransmitter, hormones, pro-hormones
release of saliva from parotid gland
fiber type A-alpha Ia function
proprioception, stretch, primary muscle spindle afferents, motor efferent to muscles (extrafusal)
fiber type A-gamma II
muscle spindle (intrafusal) efferents
fiber type C IV
nociception - inflammatory or visceral pain, thermal sense
