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Anatomy > w7 integument > Flashcards

w7 integument Flashcards

1
Q

epidermis epithelium shape

A

stratified squamous keratinized

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2
Q

what is the primary cell type in epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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3
Q

what are langerhans

A

antigen-presenting cells

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4
Q

what are merkel cells

A

associated w sensory nerve fibers

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5
Q

stratum basale what layer and what shape of cells and how many layers

A

basal layer - single layer of cuboidal to columnar basophilic cells

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6
Q

in basal layer, basal cells attach to basal lamina by what and to neighboring cells by what

A

hemidesmosomes
desmosomes

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7
Q

what is the thickest layer of the epidermis

A

stratum spinosum (spinous or pricle layer

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8
Q

stratum spinosum what shape cell and how are the nucleus

A

polyhedral cells w central nuclei

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9
Q

in stratum spinosum, cytoplasm actively synthesizes what in form of tonofibrils which attach to desmosomes

A

keratin

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10
Q

stratum granulosum is what layer and how many layers and what shape cell

A

3-5 layers for flattened cells

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11
Q

what layer has cytoplasm that contains keratohyalin granules that contain filaggrin and other proteins involved in keratinization

A

stratum granuolusm

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12
Q

what layer is strictly seen on thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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13
Q

stratum lucidum structure and cells packed w what

A

cells packed w keratin filaments

translucent layer, formed of flattened eosinophilic cells
nuclei and organelles have been lost

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14
Q

stratum corneum structure, and what are the cells called

A

cells called squames
15-20 layers thick, flattened, non-nucleated keratinized cells

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15
Q

what layer has the cytoplasm filled w birefringent filamentous keratins and cells that contain only amorphous proteins

A

stratum corneum

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16
Q

eumelanin
pheomelanin

A

brownish or blackish pigment
pigment found in red hair

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17
Q

melanocytes are derived from what and do not form desmosomes w basal cells

A

neural crest cells

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18
Q

tyrosinase converts what

A

tyrosine to DOPA to melanin

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19
Q

melanin is stored in granules called what

A

melanosomes

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20
Q

langerhans cells (dendritic cells) act as what presenting cells an most evident in what stratum, and what do they do

A

antigen-presenting cells
most evident in stratum spinosum
process and present antigens to T cells

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21
Q

what do merkel cells do and where are they located

A

located in the stratum basale of epidermis, and also at base of hair follicles

partially surrounded by terminal discs of sensory nerve fibers

contain dense-core neurosecretory granules
mechanoreceptors

22
Q

what does dermis do and separated from epidermis by what membrane which includes what 2 layers

A

connective tissue that supports the epidermis

separated from epidermis by basement membrane which includes (basal lamina and reticular lamina)

23
Q

dermis layers and composed of what

A

papillary layer - type VII collagen, loose connective tissue, contains dermal papillae

reticular layer - thicker, less cellular, more fibrous, contains type 1 collagen an elastic fibers

24
Q

what layer are hair follicles and glands located

A

reticular layer of dermis

25
Q

reticular layer of dermis contains an extensive nerve plexus made up of what type of fibers

A

sensory and sympathetic fibers (no parasympathetic)

26
Q

hypodermis composed of what type of connective tissue and often contains what kind of cells and is vascular or avascular

A

loose connective tissue
binds skin to underlying organs or tissues
equivalent to superficial fascia in gross anatomy
often contains adipose cells
contains extensive vascular network

27
Q

is the epidermis vascular or avascular

A

avascular - no direct blood supply

28
Q

subpapillary plexus vs cutaneous plexus in blood vessels

A

subpapillary plexus - at interface of papillary and reticular layers of the dermis
(capillary loops extend upward into the dermal papillae from this plexus)

cutaneous plexus - between hypodermis an reticular dermis

29
Q

lymphatic plexuses accompany what

A

blood plexuses

30
Q

arteriovenous anastomoses help w what

A

thermoregulation
(shunt blood away from the papillary dermis to prevent heat loss when the skin is exposed to cold temp)
(can increase blood flow to papillary dermis to get rid of excess heat)

31
Q

tactile discs accompany what cells and function
encapsulated or non-encapsulate

A

merkel’s cells
act as light touch and mechanoreceptors
non-encapsulated

32
Q

free nerve endings function and terminate where
encapsulated or non-encapsulate

A

terminate in both dermis and epidermis
respond to pain, temperature, itching and light touch
non encapsulated

33
Q

root hair plexuses location and function

A

surround the base of hair follicles
detect movements of hairs

34
Q

root hair plexuses location and function
encapsulated or non-encapsulate

A

surround the base of hair follicles
detect movements of hairs
non-encapsulated

35
Q

meissner corpuscles function location

is it encapsulated or on noncapsulated

A

function -detect light touch
location - located primarily in dermal papillae, esp in fingertips, palsm, an soles

encapsulated

36
Q

Pacinian corpuscles function and what does it surround

is it encapsulated or non encapuslated

A

detect coarse touch, pressure or sustained touch, vibrations

capsule surrounds unmyelinated axon

37
Q

ruffini’s corpuscles detects what and where

is it encapsulated or noncapsulated

A

detect stretch and torque
formed a simple capsule enclosing fluid and terminal arborizations of a sensory neuron

encapsulated

38
Q

krause end bulb what kind of receptors

is it encapsulated or noncapsulated

A

thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors

39
Q

sebaceous gland located throughout the skin accept where

A

palms and soles

40
Q

in eccrine sweat glands, clear cells produce what and contain what

dark cells are what and produce what

A

clear cells produce sweat (contain abundant mitochondria and microvilli)

dark cells are mucoid (produce glycoprotein involved w immune response)

41
Q

what do myoepithelial cells in eccrine sweat glands

A

contract to help discharge secretion

42
Q

apocrine sweat glands function apocrine or merocrine

A

merocrine

43
Q

eccrine vs apocrine sweat glands

A

Eccrine sweat glands occur over most of the body and open directly onto the skin’s surface. Apocrine glands open into the hair follicle

44
Q

terminal vs vellus hair

A

terminal - long coarse hairs such as scalp and beard
vellus - very fine such as forehead

45
Q

hair grow cycle
anagen, catagen, telogen

A

anagen - period of hair growth
catagen - period of follicle regression
telogen - period of inactivity

46
Q

facial and pubic hair growth controlled by what

A

androgens

47
Q

hair follicle parts (3)

A

bulb, dermal papilla

48
Q

arrector pili muscle how does it work and what does it cause

A

when muscle contracts, hair becomes erect
causes goose bumps
small smooth muscle which connects the hair shaft to the papillary dermis

49
Q

hair color caused by melanin, produced by what where

A

melanocytes in the bulb

50
Q

eponychium

A

staratum corneum of skin fold forms cuticle

51
Q

distal free end of nail plate called what

A

hyponychium

Anatomy (19 decks)

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