w7 integument

Question 1

epidermis epithelium shape

Answer 1

stratified squamous keratinized

Question 2

what is the primary cell type in epidermis

Answer 2

keratinocytes

Question 3

what are langerhans

Answer 3

antigen-presenting cells

Question 4

what are merkel cells

Answer 4

associated w sensory nerve fibers

Question 5

stratum basale what layer and what shape of cells and how many layers

Answer 5

basal layer - single layer of cuboidal to columnar basophilic cells

Question 6

in basal layer, basal cells attach to basal lamina by what and to neighboring cells by what

Answer 6

hemidesmosomes
desmosomes

Question 7

what is the thickest layer of the epidermis

Answer 7

stratum spinosum (spinous or pricle layer

Question 8

stratum spinosum what shape cell and how are the nucleus

Answer 8

polyhedral cells w central nuclei

Question 9

in stratum spinosum, cytoplasm actively synthesizes what in form of tonofibrils which attach to desmosomes

Answer 9

keratin

Question 10

stratum granulosum is what layer and how many layers and what shape cell

Answer 10

3-5 layers for flattened cells

Question 11

what layer has cytoplasm that contains keratohyalin granules that contain filaggrin and other proteins involved in keratinization

Answer 11

stratum granuolusm

Question 12

what layer is strictly seen on thick skin

Answer 12

stratum lucidum

Question 13

stratum lucidum structure and cells packed w what

Answer 13

cells packed w keratin filaments

translucent layer, formed of flattened eosinophilic cells
nuclei and organelles have been lost

Question 14

stratum corneum structure, and what are the cells called

Answer 14

cells called squames
15-20 layers thick, flattened, non-nucleated keratinized cells

Question 15

what layer has the cytoplasm filled w birefringent filamentous keratins and cells that contain only amorphous proteins

Answer 15

stratum corneum

Question 16

eumelanin
pheomelanin

Answer 16

brownish or blackish pigment
pigment found in red hair

Question 17

melanocytes are derived from what and do not form desmosomes w basal cells

Answer 17

neural crest cells

Question 18

tyrosinase converts what

Answer 18

tyrosine to DOPA to melanin

Question 19

melanin is stored in granules called what

Answer 19

melanosomes

Question 20

langerhans cells (dendritic cells) act as what presenting cells an most evident in what stratum, and what do they do

Answer 20

antigen-presenting cells
most evident in stratum spinosum
process and present antigens to T cells

Question 21

what do merkel cells do and where are they located

Answer 21

located in the stratum basale of epidermis, and also at base of hair follicles

partially surrounded by terminal discs of sensory nerve fibers

contain dense-core neurosecretory granules
mechanoreceptors

Question 22

what does dermis do and separated from epidermis by what membrane which includes what 2 layers

Answer 22

connective tissue that supports the epidermis

separated from epidermis by basement membrane which includes (basal lamina and reticular lamina)

Question 23

dermis layers and composed of what

Answer 23

papillary layer - type VII collagen, loose connective tissue, contains dermal papillae

reticular layer - thicker, less cellular, more fibrous, contains type 1 collagen an elastic fibers

Question 24

what layer are hair follicles and glands located

Answer 24

reticular layer of dermis

Question 25

reticular layer of dermis contains an extensive nerve plexus made up of what type of fibers

Answer 25

sensory and sympathetic fibers (no parasympathetic)

Question 26

hypodermis composed of what type of connective tissue and often contains what kind of cells and is vascular or avascular

Answer 26

loose connective tissue binds skin to underlying organs or tissues equivalent to superficial fascia in gross anatomy often contains adipose cells contains extensive vascular network

Question 27

is the epidermis vascular or avascular

Answer 27

avascular - no direct blood supply

Question 28

subpapillary plexus vs cutaneous plexus in blood vessels

Answer 28

subpapillary plexus - at interface of papillary and reticular layers of the dermis (capillary loops extend upward into the dermal papillae from this plexus) cutaneous plexus - between hypodermis an reticular dermis

Question 29

lymphatic plexuses accompany what

Answer 29

blood plexuses

Question 30

arteriovenous anastomoses help w what

Answer 30

thermoregulation (shunt blood away from the papillary dermis to prevent heat loss when the skin is exposed to cold temp) (can increase blood flow to papillary dermis to get rid of excess heat)

Question 31

tactile discs accompany what cells and function encapsulated or non-encapsulate

Answer 31

merkel's cells act as light touch and mechanoreceptors non-encapsulated

Question 32

free nerve endings function and terminate where encapsulated or non-encapsulate

Answer 32

terminate in both dermis and epidermis respond to pain, temperature, itching and light touch non encapsulated

Question 33

root hair plexuses location and function

Answer 33

surround the base of hair follicles detect movements of hairs

Question 34

root hair plexuses location and function encapsulated or non-encapsulate

Answer 34

surround the base of hair follicles detect movements of hairs non-encapsulated

Question 35

meissner corpuscles function location is it encapsulated or on noncapsulated

Answer 35

function -detect light touch location - located primarily in dermal papillae, esp in fingertips, palsm, an soles encapsulated

Question 36

Pacinian corpuscles function and what does it surround is it encapsulated or non encapuslated

Answer 36

detect coarse touch, pressure or sustained touch, vibrations capsule surrounds unmyelinated axon

Question 37

ruffini's corpuscles detects what and where is it encapsulated or noncapsulated

Answer 37

detect stretch and torque formed a simple capsule enclosing fluid and terminal arborizations of a sensory neuron encapsulated

Question 38

krause end bulb what kind of receptors is it encapsulated or noncapsulated

Answer 38

thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors

Question 39

sebaceous gland located throughout the skin accept where

Answer 39

palms and soles

Question 40

in eccrine sweat glands, clear cells produce what and contain what dark cells are what and produce what

Answer 40

clear cells produce sweat (contain abundant mitochondria and microvilli) dark cells are mucoid (produce glycoprotein involved w immune response)

Question 41

what do myoepithelial cells in eccrine sweat glands

Answer 41

contract to help discharge secretion

Question 42

apocrine sweat glands function apocrine or merocrine

Answer 42

merocrine

Question 43

eccrine vs apocrine sweat glands

Answer 43

Eccrine sweat glands occur over most of the body and open directly onto the skin's surface. Apocrine glands open into the hair follicle

Question 44

terminal vs vellus hair

Answer 44

terminal - long coarse hairs such as scalp and beard vellus - very fine such as forehead

Question 45

hair grow cycle anagen, catagen, telogen

Answer 45

anagen - period of hair growth catagen - period of follicle regression telogen - period of inactivity

Question 46

facial and pubic hair growth controlled by what

Answer 46

androgens

Question 47

hair follicle parts (3)

Answer 47

bulb, dermal papilla

Question 48

arrector pili muscle how does it work and what does it cause

Answer 48

when muscle contracts, hair becomes erect causes goose bumps small smooth muscle which connects the hair shaft to the papillary dermis

Question 49

hair color caused by melanin, produced by what where

Answer 49

melanocytes in the bulb

Question 50

eponychium

Answer 50

staratum corneum of skin fold forms cuticle

Question 51

distal free end of nail plate called what

Answer 51

hyponychium