w7 connective tissue

Question 1

what is the most abundant connective tissue cell and where is it derived from

Answer 1

fibroblast
mesenchymal cells

Question 2

role of fibroblast

Answer 2

synthesizes extracellular matrix of connective tissues proper

Question 3

what organlles do fibroblast have in abundance and how is the nucleus

Answer 3

abundant RER, golgi
have large elongated nucleus w prominent nucleolus
active fibroblast are elongated, fusiform

Question 4

what organlles do fibroblast have in abundance and how is the nucleus

Answer 4

abundant RER, golgi
have large elongated nucleus w prominent nucleolus

Question 5

what are fibrocytes and how do they look like

Answer 5

inactive firboblast (smaller, less evidence of protein machinery)

Question 6

myofibroblast structure

Answer 6

bundles of actin and myosin like smooth muscle cells, but shape similar to fibroblast

(sometimes considered to be intermediate between fibroblast and smooth muscle cells)

Question 7

myofibroblast abundant in what areas and found in what ligament

Answer 7

abundant in areas of WOUND HEALING
found in pERIODONTAL LIGAMENT (thought to be involved w tooth eruption

Question 8

pericytes

Answer 8

facilitate blood flow

-intermediate between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells
-partially surround endothelial cells of capillaries and small venules
-dervied from mesenchymal cells
-multipotential/pluripotential (vascule smooth muscle, fibroblasts, adipocytes, [meural cells, glial cells, skeletal muscle fibers])
-thourght to modulate function of endothelial cells, have contractile properties
-surrounded by basal lamina, separate from connective tissue compartment

Question 9

adipose cell functions (2) and derived from what

Answer 9

synthesis and stoarge of triglycerides
production of estrogen and leptin

derived from mesenchymal cells

Question 10

unilocular fat cells

Answer 10

one single large lipid droplet fills the entire cell “white fat”

Question 11

multiocular fat cell structure and involved in what

Answer 11

many small lipid droplets in cytoplasm “brown fat” (also contain large number of mitochondria)

involved in heat generation

Question 12

what are members of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)

Answer 12

macrophages

Question 13

macrophages arrise from what cells where and become what cytes, which matures into macrophages under the influence of what

Answer 13

arise from stem cells in bone marrow, become monocytes, which mature under M-CSF

Question 14

what fuses to form foreign-body giant cells and what is its function

Answer 14

macrophages
role - phagocytosis of senescent, damaged and dead cells, cellular debris, foreign substances and microorganisms
act as ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS

Question 15

mast cells dervied from what precursors

Answer 15

marrow

Question 16

mast cells have cytoplasm filled w basophilic granules containing what (3)

Answer 16

heparin, histamine, proteases

Question 17

plasma cells produce what

Answer 17

antibodies

Question 18

neutrophils do what

Answer 18

phagocytose bacteria

Question 19

eosinophils do what

Answer 19

combat parasites, moderate allergic reactions

Question 20

basophils do what

Answer 20

initiate, maintain, and control inflammatory processes

Question 21

lymphocytes found where

Answer 21

found at sites of chronic inflammation

Question 22

monocytes differentiate into what

Answer 22

macrophages

Question 23

what is diapedesis

Answer 23

process where luekocytes escape blood stream by squeezing between endothelial cells

Question 24

extracellular matrix made of what 2 components

Answer 24

fibers and ground substance

Question 25

what is the most abundant protein in the body

Answer 25

collagen

Question 26

collagen is formed of what subunits, which are composed of what

Answer 26

tropocollagen
composed of 3 alpha-chains

Question 27

what is the most widespread form of collagen, and where is it found

Answer 27

type 1 collagen
found in CT proper, bone, dentin, cementum

Question 28

where are type II, III, IV collagen found

Answer 28

II - cartilage
III - reticular fibers
IV - basal lamina

Question 29

reticular fibers are very slender glycosylated fibers of what type collagen

Answer 29

type III collagen

Question 30

reticular fibers function and secreted by what

Answer 30

form framework fo rliver, endocrine, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues

secreted by reticular cells

Question 31

what are elsatic fibers composed of and are they thicker or thinner than collagen fibers

Answer 31

thinner than collagen fibers
composed of elastin and microfirbils

Question 32

what is the ground substance of the ECM composed of (3)

Answer 32

glycosaminoglycans
proteoglycans
adhesive glycoproteins

Question 33

mesenchymal cells are thought to persist only where in adults

Answer 33

tooth pulp

Question 34

plasma cell comes from what

Answer 34

B lymphocyte (which comes from hematopoietic stem cells)

Question 35

macrophage comes from what

Answer 35

monocyte (which comes form hematopoietic stem cells)

Question 36

loose amorphous tissue is found only where (known as wharton’s jelly) and what kind of connective tissue

Answer 36

mucous connective tissue
found in umbilical cord

Question 37

dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 37

collagen fibers arranged in MULTIPLE orientations, serving to resist stress from all directions, elastic fibers often scattered among collagen

found in dermis of skin, sheaths of nerves, capsule of spleen, testes, ovaries, kidneys, and lymph nodes

Question 38

dense regular collagenous CT

Answer 38

collagen bundles packed PARALLEL to each other, resisting tensile forces

found in tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis

Question 39

dense regular Elastic CT

Answer 39

contains mostly ELASTIC fibers, w LITTLE collagen
found in blood vessels, ligamentum flavum (of vertebral column), suspensory ligament of penis

Question 40

reticular connective tissue contain what type collagen

Answer 40

type III collagen fibers