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Anatomy > w8 histology of muscle > Flashcards

w8 histology of muscle Flashcards

1
Q

spindle-shaped central nucleus, no striations which muscle tissue, single cells, single central nucleus

A

smooth muscle

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2
Q

linear branched, single central nucleus, intercalated discs

A

cardiac muscle

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3
Q

elongated, striated many peripheral nuclei

A

skeletal muscle

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4
Q

largest striated peripheral nuclei

A

skeletal

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5
Q

branched intercalated discs, striated central nuclei (larger cytoplasm to nuclear ratio)
cylindrical cells arranged end to end, fatty acids as a major fuel

A

cardiac

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6
Q

smallest fusiform, not striated, central nuclei (small cytoplasm to nuclear ratio)

A

smooth

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7
Q

surrounds single muscle fiber (cells)
runs parallel to muscle fibers
contains small blood vessels, fine neuron branches

A

endomysium

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8
Q

-surrounds the facicles (bundles) of muscle fibers
-larger blood vessels and nerves travel here

A

perimysium

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9
Q

-covers entire skeletal muscle
-major vascular and nerve supply penetrates here

A

epimysium

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10
Q

structural and functional unit of muscle fiber is what

A

myofibril

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11
Q

myofibrils are composed of bundles of what

A

myofilaments

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12
Q

what gives the straited appearance

A

myofilaments

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13
Q

which is thick and thin myofilaments

A

myosin - thick
actin - thin

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14
Q

sarcomere is between what lines

A

Z lines

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15
Q

A band includes what myofilaments

A

actin and myosin

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16
Q

I band includes what myofilaments

A

actin only

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17
Q

what is the most clincally important accessory protein and what does it do

A

dystrophin
links actin in outermost myofilaments to transmembrane proteins and eventually to fibrous endomysium surrounding the entire muscle cell

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18
Q

which bands shorten and do not

A

A band does not shorten
H band shorterns
I band has the distance between A bands of successive sacromeres shorten

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19
Q

H band includes what myofilament

A

only myosin

20
Q

what are invaginations of plasma membrane

invaginations of the sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and interconnected network that makes junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A

T tubules

21
Q

what role does SR (smooth ER of muscle) play in muscle

A

calcium storage, release, re-uptake

22
Q

what are dilated portions of SR

A

terminal cisterna

23
Q

what is the contact between a T-tubule and 2 terminal cisternae

A

triad

24
Q

what is rigor mortis

A

permanent contraction due to depletion fo ATP postmortem
muscle cells unable to prevent calcium entry therefore myosin binds to actin

25
Q

what is the stretch receptor

A

muscle spindle

26
Q

multinucleated syncytium is formed by fusion of what

A

myoblast

27
Q

syncytium

A

A large cell-like structure formed by the joining together of two or more cell

28
Q

satellite cell function and location

A

Satellite cells are myogenic stem cells responsible for muscle regeneration throughout the lifespan (skeletal muscle repair)

between the sarcolemma and basal lamina of their associated muscle fiber

29
Q

how is the mitochondria number in cardiac muscle and where are the glycogen storage

A

numerous large mitochondria
glycogen stores adjacent to each myofibril

30
Q

how do cardaic T tubulers compare w skeletal muscle

A

larger, and located at the level of the Z line

31
Q

in cardiac muscle, portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum adjacent to T tubule is organized as a what

A

diad

32
Q

intercalated disc contains what kind of junctions

A

gap junctions, fascia adherens, desmosomes

33
Q

in transverse regions between cardiac muscle cells, what do fascia adherens and desmosomes do

A

bind cells together, prevents separation during contraction cycles

34
Q

what type natriuretic factor is elevated in congestive heart failure

A

B type

35
Q

what systems innervate/stimulate cardiac muscle

A

sympathetic and parasympathic
(modify rate of contraction but do not initiate it)

36
Q

can cardiac tissue regenerate in adult humans?

A

no

37
Q

what muscle has the greatest capacity to regenerate

A

smooth muscle, capable of dividing

38
Q

close to endothelial cells of blood capillaries and small venules (source of new smooth muscle cells repair damage)

A

pericytes

39
Q

what do dense bodies do and what do they attach to

A

serve as anchors from which the thin filaments can exert force (analogous to Z lines)

attach to actin and intermediate filaments

40
Q

are there T tubules in smooth muscle contraction

A

no

41
Q

contraction speed and energy use compared to skeletal muscle

A

smooth muscle contracts more slowly and uses less energy than skeletal muscle
(lower myosin ATPase activity results in slower contraction)
(slower rate of Ca2+ removal results in slower relaxation)

42
Q

what nerve endings release acetylcholine or norepinephrine

A

autonomic nerve endings

43
Q

what may depolarize spontaneously or in response to chemicals binding to receptors linked to G-proteins

A

hormones and local factors

44
Q

lack of oxygen, histamine, excess CO2, low pH may signal what

A

signal contraction by affecting Ca2+ entry into the sarcoplasm

45
Q

smooth muscle innervation done by what axon terminals

A

autonomic

46
Q

smooth muscle what kind of junctions connect adjacent cells

A

gap junctions

47
Q

smooth muscle cells can synthesize what

A

collagen, elastin, proteoglycans,
(influences extracellular matrix)

Anatomy (19 decks)

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